The Five Factor Model PDF

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The Five Factor Model...

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The Five Factor Model: The Big Five

 able to predict real-world behaviors  limits to the cross-cultural universality

people’s “scores” on the Big Five traits have been shown to predict a wide variety of different behaviors For example, conscientiousness predicts grades in college japan, china, italy, turkey, hungary the model has been identified however should still be interpreted with caution some have added other dimensions

Personality Assessment  Two types of personality tests:  Structured  Projective

Structured Personality Tests

 Empirical method of test construction  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)  Results in low face validity  Rational/Theoretical method of test construction  Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ)  MPQ has strong validity—not all rational/theoretical tests do

Structured personality tests: paper-and-pencil tests consisting of questions that respondents answer in one of a few fixed ways. empirical method of test construction: an approach in which researchers begin with two or more criterion groups and examine which items best distinguish them. for example, people with and without a specific psychological disorder as the two groups---then see what items distinguish the two groups Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI): widely used structured test designed to assess symptoms of mental disorders. Built using empirical method of test construction.

Results in low face validity: Validity refers to how well a test measures what it is purported to measure. Reliability is the degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results. face validity: the extent to which respondents can tell what the items are measuring. Rational/theoretical method of test construction: requires test developers to begin with a clear-cut conceptualization of a trait and then write items to assess that conceptualization. Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ): assesses positive emotions, negative emotions, and impulse control. The MPQ has strong validity, but not all rational/theoretical tests do, such as the widely used Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

Projective Tests

 Projective hypothesis  Common projective tests:  Rorschach Inkblot Test  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)  Human figure drawings

Projective tests are ambiguous stimuli that examinees must interpret; use of these tests rests on the psychoanalytically-based projective hypothesis that assumes personality will be projected in responses. Their reliability and validity is in dispute.

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is the second most frequently administered projective test. Examinees construct a story for different pictures; most clinicians analyze the stories using intuition alone. There is little evidence that impressionistic TAT interpretations are reliable or valid.

Advances have been made in scoring TAT responses for achievement motivation; scores correlate positively with occupational success and income, though correlations are not strong. he Draw-A-Person test (DAP) does not have adequate test-retest reliability. Persons may be diagnosed as psychologically disturbed merely because they draw poorly. The Rorschach Inkblot Test is one of the most commonly used personality measures; examiners score answers by noting characteristics that are assumed to be associated with personality traits.

People who focus on tiny details are assumed to have obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Interrater reliabilities are often problematic, and there is little evidence that scores may be used to validly detect mental disorders or measure personality traits.

The test does not provide incremental validity by contributing information beyond what may be obtained more easily with other measures, e.g., the MMPI.

The Rorschach Test A Projective Test of Personality

For each inkblot: Use free association to identify the objects in the image.

Depending on how long you end up spending on each slide, you probably will not get through all of them, so skip to the end and talk about

Imagine a psychologist is using this test to evaluate your fitness for a job you really want. What does this test predict about your performance?...