Theories-of-Punishment PDF

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Theor i esofPuni shment Puni shment Puni shmenti si nfli ct i onofsomeki ndofpai norl oss uponaper sonf orhi smi sdeeds.I ncr i mi nall aw puni shmenti sal l owedduet owr ongf uli nt enti nvol vedi n t hecr i me.Apuni shmentsuchasi ncar nat i onseekst o gi veanyvi ct i mi nvol vedr e t r i but i onagai ns toffender , de t erandhopef ul l yr e habi l i t at et heoffender .Thi si s di st i nc tf r om Ci vi ll aw,whi chsee kst oc ompensat et he i nj ur edpar t yr at hert hanpuni sht hewr ongdoer . Jus t i ficat i on ofpuni shmentt ypi cal l yt akespl acei nfiv e f or ms. 1. Re t r i but i v e 2. De t er r ent 3. Pr event i v e 4. Re habi l i t at i v e 5. Res t i t ut i onar y Just i ficat i onofPuni shment 1.Pr event st heper sonf r om f ut ur ewr ongs . 2. Rehabi l i t at et or ef or m offender .Makehi m al aw abi di ng ci t i z en. 3. Res t or at i on

f or t he

offence

commi t t ed. ( The

puni shment i n t he f or m of fine or payment compensat i on)

of

THEORI ES

1. Det er r entt heor y–t opr event ,t oobst ai n. De t ermeanst oabs t ai nf r om doi nganac t .Themai n obj ec toft hi st heor yi st ode t er( pr ev ent )cr i mesi t sel f as a war ni ng t ot he offenderas nott or epeatt he cr i mesi nt hef ut ur eand al so i t se l fasexampl est o t he ot herevi lmi nded per sons oft he soci e t y .The f ounderoft hi st heor ywasJer emyBent ham.Hesai d t hata man coul d be de t er r ed f r om commi t t i ng a cr i mei ft hepuni shmentappl i edi sswi f t ,cer t ai nand sev er e. Pl at o,Locke,Fi scht eand many mor ewer e suppor t eroft hi st heor y . I ndi anPosi t i on-Supr emeCour taccept edt hi st heor y i nr ecentt i mesduet oi ncr ementi n mur der s,dowr y deat hs,r apese t c. I n PaniBen VsSt at eofGuj r at -TheSupr emeCour t sai dt hati twoul dbeat r av est yi fsympat hyi sshown f orcr i mesl i kebr i debur ni ngi scommi t t ed and t he cour tuphe l dt heconvi c t i on oft hemot heri nl aw f or mur derbybr i debur ni ngofdaught eri nl aw. I nSt at eofMadhyaPr adeshVsGhanshyam t hecour t obser v edt hatt hepr opers anct i oni ngshoul dbedone accor di ngt ot hecr i me. Dr aw BackofDet er r entt heor y I tf ai l si nt hecaseofhar denedcr i mi nal s

 I tf ai l si nt hecaseof s purs paceoft hemoment cr i mes 2. Ret r i but i vet heor y-Togi v ei nr e t ur n. Thi st heor yr e f er st ot he cr ude,bar bar i c pr i mi t i ve and ani mal i st i ct hi nki ng ofhumans. Ret r i but i ve meanst ogi v en i nr e t ur n.Obj ect i veoft hi st heor yi s t omaket heoffendert or eal i z esuffer i ngort hepai n. I tc onsi der spuni shmentasanendi t se l f .Thei deaof v engeance r evenge)r uns t hr ough t hi st heor y .The ki ngdom of SaudiAr abi a pr ac t i ces t hi st heor y . Theybe l i ev ei nt heconceptofAnEyef oranEye. I nJagmohanSi nghVsSt at eofU. P . The cour tobser v ed t hatDeat h Penal t y ser v es t wo pur posesa.I tsat i sfiest hes t i ntofr e t r i but i on. b.I twor ksasadet er r entt ol i ke–mi ndedcr i mi nal s . Dr awbac kofDe t er r entTheor yThe maj or i t y ofJur i s t s,cr i mi nol ogi st ,penol ogi s t and soci ol ogi s tdo notsuppor tt hi st heor y as i t wasf e l tt obebr ut alandbar bar i c. 3. Pr event i veTheor y-t or e f r ai n. Thei dea be hi nd t hi st heor yi st o keep t heoffender awayf r om t hesoci e t yt hr ough i mpr i sonment ,deat h puni shment e t ci n or der t o pr ev ent r epe t i t i on of cr i me.I tf ol l owst hepr i nci pl eof"nott oavengec r i me butpr event ed" .By keepi ng t hem away t he s oci e t y i nsur es i t ss af e t y and secur i t y . Bent ham, Aust i n

suppor t edt hi st heor ybecausei ti shuman t ouc hed. Thi st heor yl ai dt ot hef or mat i onofpr esents ys t em. I nD. K.VashuVsVestBengal Supr eme Cour t hi ghl i ght ed t he pur pose of pr ev ent i v ede t ai nmentand obser ved t hatsecur i t yof t hes t at ei ndi vi dual scanbepr ev ent i v e l yde t ai l . 4. Ref or mat i veTheor yTher e f or mat i v et heor ybased upon t hepr i nci pl eof " Hat et he Si n,Nott he Si nner " .The obj ec t oft hi s t heor yi st or ef or m t he si nner ;t hebe havi oroft he cr i mi nal .Thei deabe hi ndt het heor yi st hat' noone i sbor n asac r i mi nal ' .I tt r i est omodi f yt heat t i t ude t heoffendersohecanbecomeal aw abi di ngmember oft he soci et y .I ti s al so known as Cor r ect i onal Theor y or Rehabi l i t at ed Theor y. I ndi vi dual i z ed t r eat ment of t he offender bec omes t he coor di nal pr i nci pl e oft hi st heor y .Cr i me i s consi der ed as a di seaseand t heai m ofever ypuni shmentshoul d be r ec l amat i on oft he offender by pr escr i bi ng oft he pr oper t r eat ment . Thi s t heor y s t at e s t hat puni shment shoul d be Cur at i ve and Medi c al i n cr i mi nal . The r ef or mat i ve t heor yt akes i nt o accountser i ous f act or swhi ch l ead t heper son t oc ommi tt hecr i me. For e xampl e-hi sf ami l y ,educat i on and hi s soci oeconomi cbackgr ound.I tt r i est ofindoutt hecauses and r easons whi c h compe l s and i ndi vi dual t o commi t a cr i me and t hen pr i ce t o er adi cat et he

cr i mi nal t endency educat i ont ohi m.

by

pr ovi di ng

appr opr i at e

Thi st heor yemphasi z est hati n pr i son;t hepr i soner shoul dbet aughtandt r ai nedsoaf t erbei ngr el eased hecan sec ur ea be t t erl i vi ng.I tt akest hevi ew t hat puni shmenti sj us t i ci abl eonl yi fl ookst ot hef ut ur e nott hepas t . Scope-Ut i l i t yofr ef or mat i veoft heor yc er t ai ncases 1. I ncur abl ycor r uptper sons 2. Habi t ualoffender s 3. Ter r or i s t 4. Cr i mesSyndi cat es 5. Cont r actKi l l e r s 6. Hi r edc r i mi nal s 7. Har dcor ecr i mi nal s I nSuni lBat r aVsDe l hiAdmi ni s t r at i onThe c our t obser ved t hat f ai r t r eat ment wi l l enhancet hei rper sonal i t yr at hert han t oaffec tor r egul at et hei rl i f e. I nRej endr aPr asadVsSt at eofU. P . Thecour the l dt hatDeat h Se nt enc esi savi ol at i ve ofar t i cl e14,ar t i c l e19 and 21.Thepr i s onerwas r e l easeonGandhiJayant i . I n Ji ndalVs Del hi Admi ni st r at i on measur es t o r e habi l i t at eoffender sj ai lmanual s.

Cr i t i ci sm Dr awback Re f or mat i v et heor yi sappl i cabl ef ormi noroffences butnott osev er ecr i mes. I ti sc ont r ar yt ot hepr i nci pl et henat ur alj ust i c e.  Ev er yi ndi vi dualhas a di ffer entmi ndse t .So t he effec t i v enessi sal waysaques t i on. 5. Expi at i onTheor y-penanc e. I nHi ndu Law i tmeanst hatt heSi ni swashedaway . Manu sai d men who ar e gui l t y of cr i me may condemn t ot he ki ng and t hen onl y he can go t o heav enasanor mal . ' Expi at i on'means t he ac tofexpi at i ng,r epar at i on, amends and compensat i on. Accor di ng t o t he Expi at i on Theor y ,compensat i on i s awar ded t ot he vi c t i mf r om t hewr ongdoer .Thecr i mi nali spuni shed by awar di ng such c ompensat i on and i s pr event ed f r om doi ngsuc h offencesi ni sr emai ni ngl i f e. Thi s al sobecomesal e ssonf orr emai ni ngpubl i c. Dr awback Thi st heor yi s now obsol e t e .The pr i nci pl e of puni shment can be consi der ed aced t ot he pr i nci pl e/maxi m ofol dt heor y .  Thi st heor yi s based on mor aldoct r i nes and t her ef or ei ti s beyond t he l i mi t s of moder n t i mesandj ur i spr udenc e.  I ft heexpi at i on i st her eason t he puni shment t hen t he pr i soner shoul d be convi c t ed onl y wher ehei se t hi cal l yr esponsi bl ef ort heoffence. * * * * * * * * *...