Thermo Report - gfdgdgd PDF

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Report Title Student Name Student ID Subject

Thermodynamics

Programme

International Year One in Engineering

Lecturer/Tutor Submission Date

Contents Nomenclature.............................................................................................................2 1

Introduction.........................................................................................................3

2

Part A: Background..............................................................................................3 2.1 A1)..................................................................................................................3

3

Burner Investigation............................................................................................4

4

Boiler Investigation..............................................................................................4

5

Overall Energy Requirements...............................................................................5

6

Conclusion............................................................................................................5

References..................................................................................................................5 Appendix A.................................................................................................................6 Abstract......................................................................................................................6

1

Nomenclature Ideal Gas Law

PV =mRT Symbols: P

pressure of the gas (2)

V

volume of the gas (m3)

M

mass of the gas (kg)

t

time (s)

Heat Transfer Coefficient

Q=UA ∆ T m Symbols: Q

heat transfer rate

U

heat transfer coefficient

A

surface area (m2)

∆Tm

difference in temperature between the solid surface and surrounding fluid area (K)

2

1 Introduction This report discusses an investigation to study oil-fired domestic heating system in Northern Ireland. The objective of the investigation is to find out the operation of a typica domestic oilfired central heating system and apply the principles of Thermodynamics to compare and analyse different prospects of the system. This report presents the calculations for the experiment and an analysis of the results.

2 Part A: Background A1) Closed System A closed system is not exposed to the atmosphere and does not include a feed and expansion tank and replaces it with an expansion vessel. https://www.hamworthy-heating.com/Knowledge/Articles/Open-vented-heatingSource: systems-compared-with-sealed-systems Fuel flows from an external source to the boiler, causing flaming jets to heat a copper pipe containing water. The pipe is routed back and froth to the jet, hence, the copper pipe acts as a heat exchange. As the copper pipe is being heated up by the jets heat, heat is then transmitted from it to the water. An electric pump propels the hot water throughout the system and to every radiator in the house. Once the hot water leaves the radiator, the initial heat is lost. The cooled down water returns to the boiler to be heated again. Source: https://www.plumbcare.com/blog/2014/12/central-heating-system-explained A2) Diagrams

Hot water cylinder

Boiler Radiator

-

Figure 1: Closed System, Central-Heating/section2.htm

http://www.the50plus.co.uk/tech_support/Modern-

3

Hot water flow

-

Cold water flow

An expansion relief valve removes pressure from the system if the expansion vessel or system is over pressurised. The expansion vessel relieves pressure of the expanded heating fluids and contracts it such that the temperature differs across the total range of operating temperature of the sealed heating system to avoid explosion. Radiators are heat exchangers which circulate the heat by natural air circulation and cools down the hot water. Boiler heats up water which is then delivered into the central heating system. Pressure reducing valve is used to lower the water pressure lightly and to maintain a constant pressure. The hot water cylinder acts as a backup water heater in case the boiler fails to operate.

A3) Difference between a condensing and a non-condensing boiler

Condensi ngBoi l er s

NonCondensi ngBoi l er s

Mul t i pl el ar gerheatex c hanger s

Si ngl ec ombus t i onc hamber andoneheatex c hanger

Requi r esl es sheatf orc ombus t i onof pr oduc t s( ar ound55° C)

Requi r esmor eheatf orcombust i onof pr oduc t s( ar ound180° C)

Ex haus tgasi sr ec y c l edt hr ought he c ondens i ngheatex c hanger

Combus t i ongas esgoi nt ot hefl ueand 30% oft heheati swas t ed

As s i stwi t hcl i mat ec hangei ss ues s s i ons byl ower i ngCO2 emi

Mor ec ar bonemi ss i ons

i nc r eas edi ni t i al c os t ,but s av esmor emoneyi nt hel ongr un

dec r eas edi ni t i al c ost ,but r equi r esmor emoneyi nt hel ongr un

https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2015/10/condensing-vs-non-condensing-boilers

4

A4) Alternative home heating methods There are 3 alternative home heating methods. The first method is Electric central heating. With comparison to Oil-fired domestic heating system, electrical central heating produces lesser condensation and contaminants and does not produce exhaust fumes. Electric boilers are also smaller in size compared to oil boilers. In addition, electric boilers are much cleaner and hassle-free than oil boilers. However, oil central system is more affordable and environmental friendlier than electric central system. This is because electric boilers give out large carbon footprint and uses a huge amount of electricity. The second alternative would be solar hot water systems which greatly reduce the cost and emissions of carbon. Also, it also occupies less space than

3 Burner Investigation When you insert a diagram use the format below for labelling.

5

Figure 1 - Set up of slump test

4 Boiler Investigation When you insert a figure or a table, ensure that it also has a descriptive caption that is referenced in the preceding text. Examples of this can be seen with Table 1 and Figure below. Captions can be added to figures and tables using the ‘Caption…’ feature and referred to in the text using ‘Cross-reference…’ in Word, or added manually later. Table 1 – An example of a captioned table. Table column heading This text is written using…

Another heading …the style named ‘table’…

Another heading ..that has no line spacing

80

VickersHardness(kgf mm-2)

70 60 50 40 30 y = -64.57x + 40.00

20

Bi0.5 Sb1.5Te3 + 0.5% B 4C Bi 0.5 Sb1.5Te3

10

Commercial p-type

0 0

0.2

0.4

0.6 0.8 Indentationload(kgf)

6

1

1.2

Figure 2 – An example of a captioned figure.

Equations/calculations presented in a report should be numbered, and all the variables defined in the text. For example, the displacement of an object

s

can be given by the equation:

1 2 s=ut + a t 2 where

u is initial velocity, t

is the time, and

(1)

a is the acceleration.

5 Overall Energy Requirements

6 Conclusion

References [To be completed in either Harvard or Vancouver, please follow specific request from teacher for each report]

Example of Vancouver Style 1. Hibbeler R.C. Statics and Mechanics of Materials, 5th ed. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited; 2017. 2. Williams, H.R et al. Spark plasma sintered bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric materials incorporating dispersed boron carbide. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2015; 626(5): 368-374. 3. Unknown. Reference Generator. http://www.qub.ac.uk/cite2write/vancouver3a.html (accessed 31 July 2018).

Example of Harvard Style Hibbeler, R. C. (2017) Statics and Mechanics of Materials, 5th edn., United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. Williams, H.R. et al (2015) 'Spark plasma sintered bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric materials incorporating dispersed boron carbide', Journal of Alloys and Compounds , 626(5), pp. 368-374.

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Unknown (2017) Reference Generator, Available at: http://www.qub.ac.uk/cite2write/harvard3l.html (Accessed: 14th September 2018).

Appendix A If required

Abstract [Enter summary text here]

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