Topic 10 Assignment - Describing the steps of DNA replication explaining what is happening and being PDF

Preview

Summary

Describing the steps of DNA replication explaining what is happening and being sure to include the proper order, the proteins/enzymes involved, and anything significant about each step (including what can go wrong), and the features of the final product (the new DNA) including things like direction...

Description

Topic 10 Assignment Biology 101 11/11/2020 For this assignment, you should  go through the steps of DNA replication explaining what is happening and being sure to include the proper order, the proteins/enzymes involved, and anything significant about each step (including what can go wrong), and  describe the features of the final product (the new DNA) including things like directionality, bonding, and so on. There are three steps of DNA replication which is: Initiation, Elongation, and Termination. First. initiation is the process in which the replication begins. It occurs with the unwinding of DNA at a specific site. This specific site recognizes when the proteins bind to the specific sequence of base pairs or the protein binds to the origin of replication. In humans, the protein binds to the origin of replication and also guides other proteins as well. (Puiu, 2018) An enzyme called helicase among the protein bind to the origin of replication and begins the unwinding process. These helicases form the single-strand DNA which results in the formation of a Y-shaped replication fork. Next, elongation involves the enzyme called DNA polymerase. This adds to the 3'end of the DNA. The thin enzyme only synthesizes the strand in the direction of 5' to 3'. Thus, two antiparallel strands are formed due to template strand which stands opposite to each other. The "leading strand" is synthesized continuously while the "lagging strand" is synthesized in the direction away from the replication fork or discontinuously. (What is DNA replication?, 2016) This causes each fragment of the lagging strand is called Okazaki fragments, and each fragment starts with its RNA primer. Lastly, is termination which occurs when the two replication forks created to meet and create the double-stranded DNA. It is the phase in which the parent DNA is replicated. The double bond structure, DNA is the antiparallel structure. Each strand has 5' and 3' end. DNA is made of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. In DNA the nitrogenous base includes are adenine (A), guanine (G) cytosine (C), and thymine (T). (Stenlund, 2003) A common mistake in DNA replication is to think DNA replication is very similar to cell division which is not. The second mistake of DNA replication is of leading and lagging strand. References:

Puiu, T. (2018, June 18). What are the steps of DNA replication. Retrieved November 11, 2020, from https://www.zmescience.com/medicine/genetic/dna-replication-steps-43264/ Stenlund, A. (2003, October 01). Initiation of DNA replication: Lessons from viral initiator proteins. Retrieved November 11, 2020, from https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm1226 What is DNA replication? (2016, January 25). Retrieved November 11, 2020, from https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-dna-replication...