Topic 3 Biology Assignment PDF

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Summary

Discuss parts of a microscope and discuss findings of "Cells Alive" simulation...

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This topic includes information on three different types of cells: prokaryotic (bacterial), plant, and animal cells. You should  look up and compare the characteristics of all three types of cells to each other, and  list the structural components that are common to all three types of cells. (Turn this in for a grade.) The completed assignment should be submitted here. Prokaryotic (bacterial) Cells: Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Typically, they have a single circular chromosome located within a nucleoid. As mentioned by the Orgon State University “A typical prokaryotic cell contains a cell membrane, chromosomal DNA that is concentrated in a nucleoid, ribosomes, and a cell wall. Some prokaryotic cells may also possess flagella, pili, fimbriae, and capsules. “(Oregon State University) Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms because they are single celled. These cells are also known as protists. Plant Cells: Plant cells usually are green and have a distinct shape with a ridged exterior around the cells. The rigid exterior allows the plant to grow up right. Plant cells are classified as a eukaryotic cell which is different from the Prokaryotic cells. Plant cells and animal cells are both classified as eukaryotic cells, but plant cells differ from animal cells because they have a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and plastids such as chloroplasts which is not found in animal cells. Plant cells have a central vacuole that can take up to 90% of the cells volume. Plants have this because it helps “maintain turgor pressure against the cell wall. Proteins found in the tonoplast control the flow of water into and out of the vacuole. The central vacuole also stores the pigments that color flowers.” (CK-12) Another difference from the Animal cells is that the plant cells have chloroplasts to capture light to use as energy from the sun. The they use it with water and carbon dioxide to produce sugars as food. This indicates that these cells are autotrophs

Animal cells: Animal cells like plant cells are classified as a eukaryotic cell. They are enclosed by a plasma membrane and contain a nucleus (unlike prokaryotic cells) and organelles. Animal cells also differ from plant cells and bacteria cells due to their lack of cell walls. “This gives animal cells flexibility. It lets them take on different shapes so they can become specialized to do particular jobs.” (CK-12) Animal cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and sometimes vacuoles. Animal cells are heterotrophs which means they have to get food from external sources rather than making their own.

Prokaryotic Cells VS Plant Cells:

Things in common- Both have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall (plants cell walls are mainly cellulose), ribosomes and Cytoskeleton. Differences- Bacterial cells are typically in bacteria’s and plant cells are in plants. Plant cells are Eukaryotic cells rather then Prokaryotic. Prokaryotic cells also have nucleoids and sometimes flagella which plant cells do not have. Prokaryotic (bacterial) Cells VS Animal Cells Things in common- Both have plasma membranes, cytoplasm’s, cytoskeletons, and sometimes flagella. Differences- Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria where as animal cells are found in animals. Prokaryotic cells have nucleoids and cell walls which animal cells do not have. Animal cells have a nucleus, a mitochondria, peroxisomes, vesicles and vacuoles, centrosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and sometimes cilia which prokaryotic cells do not have. Plant Cells VS Animal Cells Things in common- Both have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, peroxisomes, vesicles and vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and cytoskeletons Differences: Plant cells are found in plants and animal cells are found in animals. Animal Cells have centrosomes, lysosomes, and sometimes cilia which is not found in plant cells. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts which is not found in animal cells.

Plant Cells VS Animal Cells VS Prokaryotic Cells Things in common: All three have cytoplasm, ribosomes and cytoskeletons. Differences: Prokaryotes have nucleoids which plant and animal cells do not have. Animal cells have cilia which Prokaryotes and plant cells do not have. Plant cells have chloroplasts which prokaryotes and animal cells do not have.

Works Cited

Foundation, CK-12. “12 Foundation.” CK, flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-biologyflexbook-2.0/section/2.9/primary/lesson/plant-cell-structures-bio. FOWLER, SAMANTHA. ROUSH, REBECCA. WISE, JAMES. CONCEPTS OF BIOLOGY. 12TH MEDIA SERVICES, 2017. Libretexts. “4.7C: Comparing Plant and Animal Cells.” Biology LibreTexts, Libretexts, 15 Aug. 2020, bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book:_Microbiology_(Boundless)/4:_ Cell_Structure_of_Bacteria_Archaea_and_Eukaryotes/4.7:_Internal_Structures_of_ Eukaryotic_Cells/4.7C:_Comparing_Plant_and_Animal_Cells. Molecular Expressions Cell Biology: Animal Cell Structure, micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html.

OpenStax. “2.3 Unique Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells.” Allied Health Microbiology, Oregon State University, open.oregonstate.education/microbiology/chapter/3-3unique-characteristics-ofprokaryotic-cells/....