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Trends, Networks, and CriticalThinking in the 21st CenturyQuarter 2 – Module 2:12Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) Quarter 2 – Module 2: Democratic Interventions and Undemocratic Practices First Edition, 2020Republic Act 8293, section 176 state...

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12 Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Quarter 2 – Module 2:

Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) Quarter 2 – Module 2: Democratic Interventions and Undemocratic Practices First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Development Team of the Module Writers: Editor: Reviewers: Illustrator: Layout Artist: Cover Art Designer: Management Team:

Rolly P. Plaga, Rakma T. Salilawan Rio S. Moreno, Wilma A. Barcelona Lorelie C. Salinas, Jay Sheen A. Molina Mark Y. Garcia Ian Ceasar B. Sipe Ian Caesar E. Frondoza Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director Ruth L. Estacio,PhD CESO VISchools Division Superintendent Carlos G. Susarno,PhD Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM Johny M. Sumugat – Subject Area Supervisor Lalaine S.J. Manuntag,PhD- CID Chief Nelida A. Castillo,PhD- Division EPS In Charge of LRMS Marichu R. dela Cruz -Division ADM Coordinator Sally A. Jabido – Subject Area Supervisor

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Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893 [email protected]

12 Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Quarter 2 – Module 2: Democratic Interventions and Undemocratic Practices

Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st CenturyGrade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Democratic Interventions and Undemocratic Practices! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner: Welcome to the Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st CenturyGrade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Democratic Interventions and Undemocratic Practices! The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know

This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In

This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation.

What is It

This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More

This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned

This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. iii

What I Can Do

This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key

This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References

This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know This module, Democratic Interventions and Undemocratic Practices is an eye-opener for us citizens who lives in a democratic society to be vigilant and responsible to every action we take, either to our home or community. It will also remind us to exercise democratic practices and always find interventions to uplift equal rights for humanity. As a senior high school student, you should be knowledgeable enough to determine different interventions in political and social set up including the elimination of undemocratic practices. The module is divided into four lessons, namely:    

Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

1 2 3 4

– – – –

Democratic Interventions in Political Institutions Democratic Interventions in Social Institutions Democratic and Undemocratic Practices The Ill Effects of Undemocratic Practices

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the political democracy 2. explain the political institution 3. assess democratic interventions prevailing in political institutions 4. explain social democracy 5. describe social institution 6. appraise vital interventions existing in social democracy 7. define democratic and undemocratic practices 8. discuss what are the examples of democratic practices 9. conceptualize feasible ways to eradicate undemocratic practices and uplift democratic practices 10.understand and distinguish the ill effects of undemocratic practices. 11.formulate a viable alternative to undemocratic practices in social and political institutions.

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What I Know MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It is a political power exercise in a nation which is fairly contributed and shared by the people. a. Democracy b. Political Democracy c. Social Democracy d. Democratic Practices 2. It is a political association being established to empower and protect pro-government ideas that aims to uphold widely the democratization of the country.

a. Political Democracy

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

b. Political Institutions c. Social Democracy d. Democratic Interventions A government organization that intends to establish, enforce, and implement laws in a state. a. Political Institutions b. Democratic Institutions c. Democratic Practices d. Social Institutions It is a political pattern adhering a continuous and peaceful transition of capitalist and socialist practices by organizing democratic welfare. a. Social Democracy b. Political Democracy c. Social Institutions d. Democratic Practices It characterizes gradual mechanisms to build up social order that emphasizes on achieving societal needs and stabilities, like family, education, healthcare, religion, economy, and government. a. Political Institutions b. Social Democracy c. Social Institutions d. Political Democracy This is the right of a citizen to exercise the process of voting to any political elections. a. Freedom of Speech b. Minority Rights c. Citizen Participation d. Suffrage The practice of embracing and accepting all types of people in the society and treating them with fair and just. a. Right to Life b. Inclusiveness and Equality c. Freedom of Speech d. Minority Rights

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8. The following are the ill effects of undemocratic practices except, ________.

a. equality b. poverty c. gender biases d. inequality 9. The foundation of every healthy democracy, ensuring that government authority derives from the will of the people. a. Majority rules b. Free elections c. Minority rights d. Citizen participation 10. It is a process which provides private individuals an opportunity to influence public decisions and has long been a component of the democratic decision-making process. a. Citizen participation b. Majority rules c. Minority rights d. Free election 11. A political principle providing that a majority usually constituted by fifty percent plus one of an organized group will have the power to make decisions binding upon the whole. a. constitutional government b. democratic practices c. citizen participation d. Majority rule 12. The normal individual rights as applied to members of racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or sexual minorities; and also the collective rights accorded to minority groups. a. human rights b. democracy c. minority rights d. majority rights 13. Defined by the existence of a constitution which may be a legal instrument or merely a set of fixed norms or principles generally accepted as the fundamental law of a government that effectively controls the exercise of political power. a. Government b. Constitutional government c. Politics d. Rules 14. The state of being lacking in needs and shows inferiority in many manners. a. Poverty b. Hunger c. Violence d. Deviant 15. Unfair or unequal treatment of one gender to other. It’s shows prejudice or preference towards a person identity. a. gender b. Gender identity c. Gender Bias d. Difference

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Lesson

1

Democratic Interventions in Political Institutions

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Describe the political democracy; 2. Explain the political institution; and 3. Assess democratic interventions prevailing in political institutions.

What’s In Hello Philippines! Mabuhay! The first part of this module will surely give you an excitement and intrigue regarding the face of political democracies! It is being said that we live in a government by the people, of the people, and for the people. There are so many issues that our government have faced and solved. Apparently, we do observe this and we were able to react with this. Democracy has been used by most of the political organizations in the recent time. Exercising democracy depends on the capacity and power of the ruler or government leader. It is perhaps their obligation to assess democratic interventions when deluge problems arise in the society. We live now in a country where human dignity and respect is a top priority and it should be valued by governing authorities. This lesson was designed to know our protection and safety not only for the wrong actions of the few but also from our passion and abrupt decisions.

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What’s New Direction: Observe and analyze the following words below. Compose a sentence in each word based from your understanding and supply the correct word at the center of the diagram. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Voting

Voice

Fairness

?

Rights

Freedom

Equality

What is It What is Political Democracy? It is a political power exercise in a nation which is fairly contributed and shared by the people. The citizens have the right to legislate through performing their rights of suffrage and delegate deserving representative for a certain position. This means, the people carries exclusive rights to directly or indirectly participate in political systems. What is Political Institutions? Political Institutions are government organizations that intend to establish, enforce, and implement laws in a state. Their function is to negotiate conflicts, create political policies, uphold economic stabilities, and promote social and cultural systems including population concerns.

What is Democratic Intervention? It is a political association being established to empower and protect pro-government ideas that aims to uphold widely the democratization of the country.

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Four Democratic Interventions in Politics: 1. Political Corruption- one of the undemocratic practices that is present in the political system. It can hibernate social ills that suddenly haunt societies in the world. The reason why people are dissatisfied with their leadership is because they forgot to provide necessary needs of the people including their safety, protection from fast growing economic change, and failure to include them in their programs and other project implementations. 2. Basic Needs- poverty and hunger are two of the common complaint by most of the societies if these unable to undertake and solve. The agony between the rich and poor is continuing to grow and there is a mechanism that leads to create extra activities like prostitution, robbery, human trafficking, and drug syndicate just to survive from the said problem. 3. Association- this includes democratic biases that weakens the traditional family bond and kinship which were discouraged to exist by putting pressures of work, migration and urbanization. There is a huge distance of government in providing assistance and concern to the ordinary citizens that causes low amount of livelihood support and led leaders to a highly corrupt, self-centered, and inefficient head of a state. 4. Participation- active participation of citizens is imperatively effective in promoting democratic practices in the country. People’s engagement in various collective actions to execute voluntary services can help tackle and solve problems. Exercising our responsibility in political processes determines that we work together, collide to each other, and ensure to one another that we have one common goal to achieve.

What’s More Activity 1.1: FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION Direction: Give your reaction to the following pictures. What intervention can you apply to every political problem? Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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What I Have Learned GUIDE QUESTIONS: Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What role did a government play in a society to be called as fair democracy? Cite examples. 2. How will you give your participation in a democratic country? Explain in a process.

What I Can Do Activity 1.2: POSTER MAKING Make a poster that depicts the political democracy today. Use your creativity to do this task. MATERIALS:

a. ¼ size cartolina b. Pencil c. Coloring materials

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RUBRICS FOR POSTER MAKING 5 POINTS

15 POINTS

20 POINTS

Elements of Several Most of the Creativity and elements of elements are Design creativity are of present minimal

All elements are present but less of information

The poster consist all elements and very informative

Attractiveness The poster is The poster is a distractive and little bit messy messy or poorly and slightly attractive designed

The poster is fairly attractive in design and neat

The foster is exceptionally attractive in design and very neat

Relevance

All subjects in the poster do not relate with the topic

10 POINTS

Some subjects All subjects in in the poster do the poster are not relate with related to the the topic topic but hard to understand

SCORE

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All subjects in the poster are related with the topic and very easy to understand

Lesson

2

Democratic Interventions in Social Institutions

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Explain social democracy; 2. Describe social institution; and 3. Appraise vital interventions existing in social democracy.

What’s In How are you today? Congratulations for completing the activities in Lesson 1! Be socially ready for the next lesson which will tackle the ways and means of social democratic institutions. So, fasten your seatbelt and have a joy ride for Lesson 2.

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Express your understanding on the following questions and be guided on the rubrics found in the activity sheet. Use your activity sheet for your answer. 1. How can be political institutions considered democratic? 2. Cite at least three (3) democratic interventions observed in politics. 3. As a student, what is your participation to support democratic interventions in politics?

What’s New

Picture Analysis: Analyze the pictures and identify if it’s a democratic society or undemocratic society. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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1. What do you notice with the pictures? How they differ with one another? 2. In your opinion, what are the characteristics of a society where you would want to live in?

What is It What is Social Democracy? It is a political pattern adhering a continuous and peaceful transition of capitalist and socialist practices by organizing democratic welfare.

What is Social Institutions? It characterizes gradual mechanisms to build up social order that emphasizes on achieving societal needs and st...