Ulcerative colitis osmosis PDF

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Summary

Ulcerative colitis summary notes - great for visual learners...

Description

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UC is the most common type of inflammatory bowel disease

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Causes ulcers in the colon ONLY. Ulcers are spots in the mucosa where the mucosa has eroded and left spots or sores in the membrane.

Culprit behind these ulcers: Initially thought to be diet and stress. Now considered secondary (i.e they make the symptoms worse). UC is thought to be Autoimmune in origin as cytotoxic T cells from the immune system are often found in the epithelium lining the colon – ie. T-cells destroy the cells lining the walls of the colon, leaving behind, eroded areas (ulcers). Unclear what the T-cells are targeting

Some patients have p-ANCA in their blood. p-ANCA  Are antibodies that target antigens in the bodies own neutrophils. This may be due to an immune reaction to gut bacteria that have some structural similarity to our own cells.

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Genetic predisposition and pt’s with gut bacteria producing high sulfide = at risk

Inflammation goes around the whole lumen (circumferential) and has no breaks of unaffected/normal tissue

Surgery as final option:  Colectomy with ileostomy  bringing part of the ileum to the surface  J pouch  Colon and rectum are removed and a pouch is created that attaches to ileum to allow stool to pass to anus without ostomy Complications:  Rupture of bowel  Toxic megacolon (colon dilates due to inflammation and becomes paralysed  contents begin to fester  can rupture)  Loss of form to haustra (Lead pipe sign)  because the colon doesn’t have the unique curvature to it  weight loss/ dehydration  Anaemia (from bleeding ulcers) Signs and symptoms: Remember pneumonic “ULCERS” U: Urgent/ frequent bowel movements L: Loss of weight/ Low RBC’s C: Cramps in the abdomen E: Electrolyte imbalances, Elevated temp R: Rectal bleeding S: Severe diarrhoea/ blood, mucus, and pus...