Uncommon Blood Groups PDF

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Summary

Diego Blood Group Comprised of 22 antigens. The antigens are made of two independent pairs of alleles, Dia/Dib and Wra/Wrb. Di antigens are high incidence while Wr antigens are low incidence. Used as a genetic marker to identify those with Mongolian inheritance. The Dia antigen is extremely rare in ...

Description

MLSC-3200, Transfusion Science Diego Blood Group -

Comprised of 22 antigens. The antigens are made of two independent pairs of alleles, Dia/Dib and Wra/Wr b. Di antigens are high incidence while Wr antigens are low incidence. Used as a genetic marker to identify those with Mongolian inheritance. The Dia antigen is extremely rare in the white population and much more common in the Asian and Native South American population.

Diego Antibodies -

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Both anti-Dia,Dib are IgG and associated with HTR and HDFN. However they do not bind complement There are two types of anti-Wra. o Non-RBC Stimulated, IgM found in people without previous blood exposure. Usually from bacterial infection. o Immune-Stimulated, IgG known to cause mild HDFN and HTR. Only a few examples of Wrb alloantibodies have been reported to cause hemolytic anemia.

Cartwright Blood Group (ISBT 001) -

The YT system is composed of two antigens. o YTa, high frequency and is not well developed at birth. o YTb, low frequency and well developed at birth.

Cartwright Antibodies -

Both antibodies to both antigens have been associated with HTR, but not HDFN.

XG Blood Group (ISBT 012) -

Only has one antigen, Xga. A person is either positive or negative for this antigen. The gene coding for this antigen is found on the X chromosome.

Xga Antibodies -

Very uncommon but when found it is usually IgG. It binds complement, causes in vitro hemolysis, is destroyed by enzymes and does not cause HDFN or HTR.

MLSC-3200, Transfusion Science Scianna Blood Group (ISBT 013) -

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Comprised of 7 antigens, but only 3 are mainly focused on. o SC1, high frequency. o SC2, high frequency. o SC3, present when either SC1 or SC2 are present. Expressed on cord RBCs and resistant to enzymes (Ficin, papain and DTT).

Scianna Antibodies -

Anti-SC1 and anti-SC2 are very rare and neither have been implicated with HDFN or HTR.

Dombrock Blood (ISBT 014) -

Involves 6 different high frequency antigens. o Doa and Dob, controlled by codominant alleles that are evenly distributed in the white population. o Gregory Antigen (Gy) o Holly Antigen (Hy) o Joseph (Joa)

Dombrock Antibodies -

Usually IgG and resistant to enzyme treatment (Papain and Ficin). Show dosage in Do antibodies. Doa has been reported to cause HTR and HDFN. Dob has been reported to cause HTR. Anti-Gregory, Holly and Joseph may cause mild HTR and HDFN.

Colton Blood Group (ISBT 015) -

Comprised of four antigens. o Coa, high frequency in 99.9% of the population. o Cob, found in 10% of the population. o Co3, high incidence. o Co4, high incidence.

Colton Antibodies -

Usually IgG, implicated in HTR and all four cause HDFN.

MLSC-3200, Transfusion Science

Landsteiner-Wiener (ISBT 016) -

There are three LW antigens. o Lwa and Lwab, common and high prevalence. o Lwb, low incidence.

Landsteiner Wiener Antibodies -

Autoanti-Lw is common in patients with warm IAHA. Do not cause HDFN or HTR.

Chido/Rodger Blood Group (ISBT 017) -

Consists of 9 antigens with 6 being Chido, 2 being Rodgers and 1 being the WH antigen. Located on the C4 complement component. Poorly expressed on cord cells.

Chido and Rodgers Antibodies -

Usually IgG and weakly reactive in the IAT phase. Do not cause HTR or HDFN. They are destroyed by enzymes and found in patients with multiple transfusions. Antibody screening with C4-coated cells and plasma inhibition testing confirms the presence of these antibodies. These antibodies are becoming more commonly with many more patient having multiple transfusions.

Gerbich Blood Group (ISBT 020) -

Contains 11 antigens (6 high frequency and 5 low frequency).

Gerbich Antibodies -

Extremely rare and usually IgG. Can occasionally be IgM. Can be immune or naturally occurring and are destroyed by enzymes. Autoantibodies have been reported to cause severe WAIHA, and maternal antibodies have been reported to cause positive DAT with cord blood and mild HDFN. Some antibodies cause HTR.

MLSC-3200, Transfusion Science

Cromer Blood Group (IST 021) -

Consists of 15 high incident and 3 low incidence antigens. Located on the decayaccelerating factor, which is a complement regulator protein.

Cromer Antibodies -

Very rare and mostly seen in black people. Usually IgG and cause HTR without causing HDFN.

Knops Blood Group (ISBT 022) -

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Comprised of 9 antigens associated with complement receptors on RBCs. o Kna and Knb o McCa and McCb o S11 and S12 o Yka High Frequency, Kna, McCa, S11 and Yk. Low Frequency, Knb. McCb is not found in whites and found in 45% of the black population.

Knops Antibodies -

Behave like HLA antibodies. Not clinically significant as they do not cause HTR or HDFN. Commonly found in multiple transfused patients and can mask underlying clinically significant antibodies.

Indian Blood Group (ISBT 023) -

Comprised of 4 antigens. Ina, low frequency. Inb, high frequency. Found in 95% of the population. This antigen is depressed in individuals with the Lu(a-b-) phenotype.

Indian Antibodies -

Usually IgG but do not cause HDFN. Inb has been reported to cause occasional HTR.

Sid Blood Group -

Consists of the Sda antigens. These antigens are found in various bodily fluids and also found in other mammals.

MLSC-3200, Transfusion Science -

The amount of antigen expressed varies per person and there is a direct relationship between plasma and RBC antigen concentration. These antigens are usually depressed during pregnancy. Approximately 91% of whites have the Sda antigen. Urine is the sample of choice when testing for this antigen.

Sda Antibodies -

Not clinically significant. Identified by a mixed field reaction that involves very tightly agglutinated cells that form a refractile clumping with a background of free-flowing cells.

John Milton Hagen Blood Group (ISBT 026) -

Comprised of 6 antigens including one high frequency JMH antigen. Most cases of JMH negative patients are elderly. Antigens are destroyed by enzymes except for sialidase.

John Milton Hagen Antibodies -

Usually IgG and predominantly IgG4. Autoimmune JHM is routinely found in the elderly. These antibodies have serological properties similar to HLA antibodies. Do not cause HDFN and rarely cause HTR.

Bennett-Godspeed Blood Group -

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There are 3 antigens involved. o Bga, WBC antigen expressed in 98% of HLA-B7 individuals. o Bgb, found in 98% of HLA-B7 individuals. o Bgc, found in 80% of HLA-B17 individuals. RBCs and platelets can sometimes carry small amounts of this antigen at maturity. Transient increase in Bg antigens has been seen in various disease.

Bennet-Godspeed Antibodies -

These antibodies are directed toward human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Usually IgG and give weak/variable reactivity at IAT. Destroyed by chloroquinone or EDTA glycine-HCl. Commonly seen in multiple transfused patients and those who have had multiple children.

High Titer Low Avidity Antigens

MLSC-3200, Transfusion Science

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Antibodies with titers of 64 to over 1000. Reactions are very weak and will break apart readily because of their weal Ab avidity, despite their high titer. Mask clinically significant antibodies since they are made against high frequency antigens. Not clinically significant and do not cause HTR or HDFN.

Vel Blood Group (ISBT 034) -

Involves only 1 antigen, Vel. Vel is present in over 99% of the population.

Vel Antibodies -

Can be either IgG or IgM and may cause either HTR or HDFN. Antibodies can be allo or auto and may interfere with ABO reverse grouping....