Unit 6 History of the NHS Academic Poster PDF

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THE HISTORY OF THE NHS researchers as a ‘cause of illness’ e.g. chest infe hospital beds, and staff time and resources.

Developed by Emma O’Casey THE CREATION OF THE NHS. 1911 – The National Insurance Act provided compulsory healthcare insurance for low paid workers (but not their families). A small sum would be deducted from the worker’s wage, the employer, and taxation. This contributed to the N.I. scheme which provided a foundation for the NHS to follow 35 years later. At the start of the Second World War - the government realised that to cope with the number of predicted causalities the country would need to increase spending on healthcare. This also meant creating a plan for the future. (BBC Bitesize, n.d.).

Fortunately, technology was starting to change fo pharmaceuticals was created, and old methods s meaning beds were cleared quicker for new pati Life expectancy rose in both sexes, and the coun geriatric treatment - further increasing our ageing resources, the demographic change to the UK’s New technology and medicines came at a very g were not only treating common diseases, but als many types of cancers, and demand on the NHS

1942 – The Beveridge Report. Civil servant, William Beveridge, identified five giant evils - want, disease, ignorance, squalor, and idleness. In identifying disease as a barrier to progress, he proposed a free national health service (NHS). 1948 – The creation of the NHS. After years of planning, Labour’s Aneurin Bevan finally put the NHS into being.

These circumstances caused a further rise in dem ambitious programme of hospital building. The N and complex conditions, and effective treatments more people came to the NHS for more and mor

1951 – Aneurin Bevan resigns over introduction of NHS charges for dental and vision care.

Managing demand within the NHS will never be Perhaps it always will.

1952 – Winston Churchill introduces one shilling NHS prescription charge.

HOW CHANGES TO FUNDING IMPACTS THE NHS.

1954 – London lung cancer study. Sir Richard Doll’s findings prove a link between smoking and lung cancer. 1958 – The NHS’s first mass vaccination. Everyone under the age of 15 vaccinated against polio and diphtheria.

Fig 1: Aneurin Bevan in 1943 (Wikipedia Contributors, 2019)

1967 - The Abortion Act legalises abortions up to 28 weeks’ gestation.

“Nurses within the NHS maintain that patient car experienced nurses with the necessary qualificat Many people in the UK believe there are too few However, in figure 5 you can see how NHS staff numbers have greatly increased over the last 70

1971 – The UK landed its first ever CT Scanner. The first ever scan done in London as a demonstration with a patient with a suspected frontal lobe tumour.

“Over 130,000 deaths since 2012 in the UK coul been prevented if progress in public health policy stopped due to austerity, analysis by the Institute Public Policy Research found. Dean Hochlaf of t said, "We have seen progress in reducing preven disease flatline since 2012." (Wikipedia Contribu 2019)

1977 – First MRI scan in the UK. 1983 – The Mental Health Act legislates for the detention of people deemed to be mentally ill and a risk to themselves or others, with or without their consent.

Since the NHS began, the biggest issue has alw budget!

Fig 2: (Socialist Worker (Britain), n.d.)

1983 – The first NHS-funded IVF service was established at St Marys Hospital, Manchester. Since then, IVF babies have come to make up more than 2% of all UK births. 1990 – First laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Key Hole surgery) in England performed by surgeon Mr David Rosin. 2000 – Walk-in centres introduced. 2007 – A ban on smoking in enclosed work places and public places in England is introduced. 2009 – Health and social care regulator, the Care Quality Commission (CQC), is created.

While funding gets tighter, the NHS has to cope w continuing increases in demand. For example: W know that prevention is better than cure – and fa cheaper. In figure 6, below, the reduction in sexu services is shown. Fewer people are receiving a and could then end up catching an STD or gettin pregnant – putting more strain on the NHS. Whe advice and free contraception were given, you w prevent this cause and effect scenario. According to Fund our NHS (2016), “One of the m contraceptive services. King's Fund research fou spending of sexual health services fell by 14% in including gonorrhoea and syphilis, that is a worry Committee Inquiry. In November 2019, the IPPR by £196.4 million from 2014/15 to 2018/19”

Fig 3: Care Quality Commission Banner (Cqc.org.uk, 2019) 2012 – Place of honour at 2012 Olympics opening ceremony.

HOW THE NHS COPES WITH THE CHANGES IN DEMAND. In 1944, before victory in Europe, the Ministry planned how the emergency hospital service would be ‘demobilised’. Bevan had worked out details, and the NHS had a formidable command structure. On its first day in England and Wales, the NHS inherited 2,688 voluntary and municipal hospitals. Of the half million beds, 70,000 were already occupied by elderly people not in need of medical care. It was never going to be easy. Worse still, in the previous 18 months, the country had endured restrictions more severe than during wartime, suffered arctic weather, the worst flooding in 53 years, and unprecedented food and fuel shortages. Bread was rationed for the very first time. Now, the health service had its biggest demand ever. And, from day one, it was underestimated. With medical research coming into vogue and the role of the doctor analysed as never before the country

places. The total, absolute cuts in the poorest pla Fig 6: Graph - Local Authority spending on health services (FUND OUR NHS, 2016) ring fenced for the NHS.

THE HISTORY OF THE NHS (but not published) has estimated that, after turning the NHS into a market, these costs rose to 14% of its budget each year.”...