USES AND Abuses Jhace - vggffgfg gffn fr h h bbg gffgh gg fgvggffgfg gffn fr h h bbg gffgh gg fgvggffgfg PDF

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Statistics is a form of mathematical analysis that uses quantified models, representations and synopses for a given set of experimental data or real-life studies. Statistics studies methodologies to gather, review, analyze and draw conclusions from data.

USES AND ABUSES IN REAL LIFE “Statistics is used to organize, summarize, present, and/or analyze data -- often with the intent of approximating the behavior of a population through examination of samples taken from that population; testing hypotheses; determining relationships between variables; and making predictions from existing data.”

Statistics. in reality, it is used to monitor and enhance the quality of goods and processes inside a business. Statistical analysis is critical for the development of social science hypotheses since it is used to assess their validity against real-world data. Misleading data visualization, in addition to the abuses. Bias that is deliberate and selective. Using a small sample size in conjunction with a percentage change. That instance, a statistical argument is misused when it claims an untruth. In certain circumstances, the abuse is unintentional. In others, it is done on purpose and for the benefit of the perpetrator. A statistical fallacy occurs when the statistical rationale involved is wrong or incorrectly applied. Examples: Quoting statistics based on non-representative samples Choosing the "average" value for a sample which most lends itself to your position, when a different "average" value would be more appropriate Speaking of changes in a variable in terms of actual values or percentages to either inflate or deflate their importance psychologically. (How happy would you be if your net worth increased by $10,000,000. What if that only represented a 0.3% increase?) Using detached statistics like "1/3 fewer carbs" (fewer than what?) Implying causal connections between variables without a well-designed experiment to back it up (i.e., "Doctors say that taking lipotrim twice a day ''may reduce'' your weight by up to 30 lbs in the first 2 weeks!") Formatting graphs to mislead the eye Designing questions to be used on a survey that will bias the results...