Vital Signs TPR, Pulse, Resp, Oximetry lab prep PDF

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Vital Signs TPR, Pulse, Resp, Oximetry lab prep practice questions...

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VITAL SIGNS Temperature Pulse Respirations Pulse Oximetry Fill in the following chart as you work through the chapter. Table of Normal Findings for Vital Signs in Centigrade

Measurement

Normal Findings Adult

Temperature Give Normal Range

Child

Elderly

Oral Rectal Axilla

Pulse

Respirations

Blood Pressure

Pulse Oximetry

1. Vital signs include temperature, pulse, respirations and blood pressure. What is the purpose for taking these measurements and when should they be measured? 2. What is the reason for taking baseline vital sign measurements?

3. Identify ten guidelines that will assist you to incorporate vital sign measurement into practice. Body Temperature 1. Define core temperature. Core body temperature can be measured at which sites? What is the standard measurement for core temperature? Is core temperature more accurate? 2. Define thermoregulation.

3. Briefly summarize how neural and vascular mechanisms control body temperature.

4. Name several factors that affect body temperature and the reactions to these factors.

5. Identify four factors that must be present for a person to control body temperature.

6. List four sources, or mechanisms for heat production.

7. Explain the following mechanisms of body heat loss, and give an example of each. RadiationConductionConvectionEvaporationDiaphoresis8. Briefly explain the skins role in temperature regulation (insulation of the body; vasoconstriction; temperature sensation). 9. Temperature Alterations: Fever (pyrexia); Hyperthermia; Hypothermia Fever (pyrexia) a. b. c. d. e.

Pyrexia occurs because…. Explain how fever works as an important defence mechanism. Explain how fever serves to diagnose a patient’s condition. Explain how fever affects metabolism. Explain the difference of a febrile state in children.

Hyperthermia f. g. h. i.

Define hyperthermia Define malignant hyperthermia Define and explain the causes of 1. heat stroke and 2. heat exhaustion First aid treatment for heatstroke includes….

Hypothermia j. Define and explain the causes of hypothermia k. What are the risk factors for hypothermia? l. Summarize the treatment for hypothermia m. Frostbite occurs when…. 10. Identify the four most common sites (be specific) for measuring intermittent temperatures. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? What assessments are needed before taking a patient’s temperature at each site? What position should the patient be in for taking a rectal temperature and why? What safety precautions are used when taking a rectal temperature?

Pulse 1. What is the pulse? What causes the pulse beat?

2. Indicate the pulse points on the body. Indicate which are the common pulse sites are. Is that different for a child? Practise finding these pulse sites on an adult and a child.

3. Identify the parts of the stethoscope (five major parts) and which part you would use for listening to lung sounds and vascular sounds. How do you know how much pressure to exert?

4. In assessing a pulse, the nurse would assess the rate, rhythm, strength and equality. Describe what each of these mean and how would you measure them. 5. Name factors that increase the pulse rate and factors that could decrease the pulse rate. 6. Describe how you would take an apical pulse. Be sure to include PMI and what you will hear. 7. Define the following: Tachycardia Bradycardia Pulse deficit Dysrhythmia

Respiration 1. Define the following terms related to respiration: a. b. c. d. e.

Ventilation Diffusion Perfusion Tidal volume Eupnea

2. Hypoxemia occurs when: 3. Briefly summarize the process of respiration. 4. The rate, depth and rhythm of respirations are measured. Explain each of these. 5. What factors can influence respiration? List and describe at least 5. 6. Define each of the following alterations in breathing patterns a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

Bradypnea Tachypnea Hyperpnea Apnea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Cheyne-Stokes respiration Kussmaul’s respirations Biot’s respirations

Pulse Oximetry–Measurement of Arterial Oxygen Saturation 1.

What is being evaluated by measuring the oxygen saturation of the blood?

2. The percentage of oxygen saturation of arterial blood is______________________ and of venous blood is_____________________. 3.

Explain the purpose of a pulse oximeter.

4.

List three things that can affect the accuracy of an oxygen saturation reading....