Week 2 part i ii - essay PDF

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Sabine Joseph D40778069 OL Lab 4: Ionic and Covalent Bonds Learning Objectives • Describe the formation of ionic and covalent bonds • Identify anions and cations • Apply the octet rule • Describe ionic lattice structure • Draw Lewis dot structures • Explain the formation of single, double, and triple bonds • Distinguish between ionic compounds and covalent compounds Introduction Have you ever wondered how atoms are held together? In this simulation, you will learn the basics about atomic bonding in ionic and covalent compounds, and how to distinguish those compounds experimentally. With all this knowledge, you will help your friend analyze two mysterious substances he received from an alchemist. By testing their specific physical properties, you’ll be able to identify the nature of the substances. Finally, you will learn how ions form lattice structures and how this influences the property of a compound. Test solubility and conductivity Atoms can interact in many different ways, creating new compounds with unique properties. In the first mission of the Ionic and Covalent Bonds simulation, your task is to choose appropriate laboratory equipment to test the solubility and conductivity of the two substances. You will explore how these properties differ in ionic and covalent compounds. Draw Lewis dot structures In the second part of the Ionic and Covalent Bonds simulation, you will learn about the octet rule and how to apply this to building Lewis dot structures in a virtual drawing activity. You will see that there are many ways that covalent bonds can be formed, depending on the compound and electron configuration. You will also learn how to identify lone pair electron in a covalent bond. Determine melting points In the last mission, your task is to determine the melting point of the two substances by using a melting point apparatus. You will explore how your results are connected to the ability of ions to form a lattice structure. Part 1: Complete Labster Lab Ionic and Covalent Bonds

Part 2: Report and Reflection Purpose: Describe in complete sentences and in your own words, the purpose of this experiment. The purpose of this experiment was so that we could learn the basics about atomic bonding in ionic and covalent compounds, and how to distinguish those compounds experimentally. We did an experiment and tested three different unknown “substances”. This experiment led us to learning about how ions form lattice structures and how this influences the

property of a compound. We learned how to test solubility, conductivity and how it corelates to when atoms can interact in many different ways, creating new compounds with unique properties. Our lesson ended with learning how to properly draw Lewis dot structures. Observations: Record three observations from the simulation. Lewis dot structures need to d=be drawn correctly or your bonding won’t be correct Most substances are soluble in water Ionic and covalent bonds are polar opposites

Answer the questions below: • In your own words, explain the terms below: • Ionic bond: a ionic bond Is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the non-metal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion •

Covalent bond: A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding.

• For each of the below, predict the expected ion each could become by giving the charges. • O : 2• Li: 1+ • Mg: 2+ • N: 3• For each of the molecules below, determine what molecular shape you would expect. • HCN : Linear • PCl3: Trigonal Pyramidal •

• Reflection: Consider what you learned from this simulation. Reflect on three to four key concepts that you learned in this lab exercise. How could the lessons learned in this virtual lab relate to a real world situation in the community/world or your future career? Be specific in your answer (this should require 5-10 sentences). The purpose of this experiment was so that we could learn the basics about atomic bonding in ionic and covalent compounds, and how to distinguish those compounds experimentally. We did an experiment and tested three different unknown “substances”. This experiment led us to learning about how ions form lattice structures and how this influences the property of a compound. We learned how to test solubility, conductivity and how it corelates to when atoms

can interact in many different ways, creating new compounds with unique properties. Our lesson ended with learning how to properly draw Lewis dot structures. We can use this lesson in real life if we work in a crime scene lab or any testing lab.

Grading Rubric: Activity

Deliverable

Points

Part I

Complete simulation

9

Complete lab report and answer questions Part II

• Purpose (1 point) • Observation (3 points)

9

• Questions (3 points) • Reflection (2 points) Total

Complete all lab activities

18...