Week 4 notes - ANTH005 PDF

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ANTH005 Spring 2021 - Prof. Dr. Douglas K. Smit...

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ANTH005 - Spring 2021 Notes - Week 4 Asynchronous lecture notes: - Neanderthals: - Homo erectus → evolved into homo sapiens in Africa and neanderthals in Europe - Bipedal - Used tools: Mousterian tool industry - Cranial Morphology: large nose, brow ridge, cranial capacity - Postcranial (below the neck) Morphology: short, stocky, wider, muscular - “like little tanks” (powerful, withstand injury) - Buried the dead - Lots of broken bones but evidence of healing → took care of their injuries - Cared for the elderly - Bergman’s rule: populations in colder climates have larger bodies + Allen’s Rule: shorter limbs (preserve more heat) → Neanderthals were adapted to living in cold environments - Larger noses/nasal cavities → more efficient breathing, better heat retention - The Denisovians: - Don’t know much about them - Not neanderthal, not human -

What happened to Neanderthals and the Denisovians? Are we all the same? - Multiregional model: - Isn’t a lot of evidence for it - more recent divergence of homo sapiens than this model suggests - Used to be popular in early 20th century - Popular with Nazi Germany - Racists/White supremacists use this to argue that different races are different species - Replacement/Out of Africa model: - The homo sapiens that came out of Africa completely replaced all other modern humans (ie. neanderthals) - Popular during 1960’s-80’s - Leaky replacement model: - Homo sapiens were the dominant force, however, there was some inbreeding between modern human lineage and neanderthal lineage (neanderthals and denisovans) - New model due to new evidence; trace amounts...