WEEK 7-9 Lesson 2 - Lecture notes 4 PDF

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Big Picture in Focus: ULOb. Convey ideas through oral, audio-visual, and/or web-basd presentations for different target audiences in local and global settings using appropriate registers. Metalanguage In this section, you will learn about the different technology-based aids that you can use for effective communication. With this, you can convey ideas through oral, audio-visual, or web-based presentation for different audience in various contexts. Please refer to the definitions embedded in the discussion below in case you will encounter difficulty in the understanding concepts.

Key Terms: -

Essential Knowledge To perform the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes) in the next two weeks of the course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that will be laid down in the succeeding pages. Please note that you are not limited to exclusively refer to the these resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books, research articles and other resources that are available in the university’s library e.g. ebrary, search.proquest.com etc. Communication Aids with Strategies in the Use of Technology and Tools Both personal and professional communications are becoming increasingly dependent on technology. Everything from ordering dinner from your favorite Thai place to showing samples to GE 2 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

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far-away colleagues to running a credit card transaction depends on internet and phone communication. Technology can also generate strong emotion in people: fear, frustration, fascination. In this module, you will learn how to calm the emotion and refocus people on the work at hand. There are, of course, also considerations about the technology itself: Which platform or application do you choose? How do you use it? How do you make sure the conversation goes smoothly and productively for all involved?17 Written Communication18 1. Email. Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages ("mail") between people using electronic devices. 2. Instant Messaging. Instant messaging (IM) is becoming increasingly popular as a communication tool, especially for more informal communication. Some examples of widely used IM services are Google Hangout, Messenger, KakaoTalk, and many more. 3. Intranet. Companies often provide private, organization-wide information networks that look like a website. These networks are called intranets, and they provide pages where employees can get the latest company news, view calendars of events and access important documents. 4. Social Networking. This is an online platform which people use to build social networks or social relationships with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. Examples include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and many more. Online Communication 1. Screen sharing / Video Sharing. Sometimes the most important aspect of your meeting or conversation will be the ability to see someone’s computer screen. You may deliver a presentation this way, share sales figures, play a video, or mark up design prototypes. In these instances, screen sharing is your best friend. Several of the platforms like Google Hangouts and Zoom offer screen sharing options. 2. Multi-feature Online Platforms. In addition to communication features like voice, video, and screen sharing, some applications also facilitate scheduling, instant messaging, file sharing, and collaboration. They are also continually adding and upgrading features. Examples of these are learning management systems used for online classes and blending learning format. You learned from the previous lessons that different tools can use to communicate certain messages. Aside from written texts, communication tools include audio-visual aids that may be developed through digital means. You may have probably used these aids to help you in class

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https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-organizationalbehavior/chapter/introduction-to-communicating-with-technology/ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-organizationalbehavior/chapter/written-communication/

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presentations. You may have done these presentations effectively because you knew your purpose, audience and context. In the academic context, one way you have learned to communicate is by writing effective compositions or reaction papers. However, aside from sharing your ideas in the written mode, some of your tasks in school can also be shared through multimedia presentations. A multimedia presentation refers to the “integration of animation, audio, graphics, text, and full-motion video through computer hardware and software for education, entertainment or training”. (https://www.businessdictionary.com). Bear in mind that you are not expected to incorporate all of these elements; however, you need to integrate at least three of them in one presentation. Similar to the process of writing a paper, making a multimedia oral presentation involves three stages: 1) planning the presentation; 2) delivering presentations; and 3) evaluating presentations. Although this process is similar in most oral presentations done in academic contexts and conferences are the following: 1. Individual Presentation. This involves one person who shares relevant information about one’s research or work. this type of presentation culminates in an open forum that allows the audience to ask the presenter certain relevant questions. 2. Group Presentation. This involves at least three members who take turns in sharing relevant information on a single topic that forms the group research. This also leads to an open forum or a Q and A with the audience. 3. Panel Presentation. This involves around three to six members with a moderato; the members, called panelists, present different topics that are based on a similar theme. Panelists do not necessarily belong to the same research team. At the end of the presentation, the moderator facilitates the discussion between the panelists and the audience. 4. Workshop Presentation. This involves one or two members who act as facilitators to give participants a chance to experience how a specific skill, technique, or concept can be employed; this is usually done with a small group. 5. Poster Presentation. This manner of presentation employs the use of a poster in showing one’s work. the audience views the posters on display while the presenters stand next to it to respond to questions or comments from the viewers. 6. Individual group presentation. This involves one or more members who demonstrate how something is done or how something is used in a specific context. Preparing Presentations with the Aid of Technology19 1. Establish objectives. Be clear with the reasons why you are going to present a particular topic. Your objectives fuel your presentation. Guide questions: What is the objective of the presentation? Why is it relevant? What will your audience gain by watching the presentation?

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Aquino, A. et. al (2018). Purposive communication for the 21st century learners. Malabon: Jo-Deh Publishing.

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2. Identify audience. By identifying and understanding your audience, you can rehearse an audience-sensitive tone of delivery. Guide questions: Who is your target audience? What are their age range? Are they also students like you? Are they professionals in the field of your study? What are their interests? How is your presentation relevant to them? 3. Plan and organize. Once you are able to establish your objectives and identify your audience, it is time to work on your presentation. It helps if you can dedicate an ample time, prepare an outline, set the limits, and tailor-fit your presentation for the target audience. Guide questions: What is the venue of your presentation? What is the occasion? Is it a formal event? What guidelines have been given, if any? What considerations and adjustments should you make about the materials, design, content, and delivery of the presentation? 4. Avoid too much information on any single visual. Avoid visuals that use too many colors – more than four in any one aid. Use good judgment in visual design. 5. Keep the time limit for your presentation in mind. About 10 to 15 slides are adequate for short presentations, equivalent to 15 minutes. The use of slides is crucial in delivering an effective presentation. You can create slides with the help of software like Powerpoint, Keynote, or Prezi. In “How to Give an Academic Talk, v5.1,” Paul N. Edwards suggests the following: About Presentation Software Make slides extremely concise and visually uncluttered. Slides should be seen as maps, not as territories. They’re tracking devices that let both you and your audience follow the flow of the talk. Therefore, they must not be overfilled. 6 lines of text per slide is plenty. 9 lines is a lot.12 lines is pretty much unreadable. Bullet points should be no more than 2-6 words — and they should NOT be complete sentences. If you need more text, use more slides. One of the beauties of software is that you can make as many slides as you want. I've seen extremely effective presentations with only one word on most slides, only one image on many others. Why cram one slide full of text when you can make two or three uncluttered slides instead? Use images. People are visual creatures, and the old adage that a picture is worth a thousand words is especially apropos in presentations. Pictures, graphs, charts, cartoons, and other images can be extremely helpful. As with text, keep them simple and uncluttered. Also, avoid dark images that won't show up well on a screen. Always choose white or light-colored slide backgrounds. Why? To see light text on dark slides, you’ll have to turn down the lights, or even turn them off. This makes it hard to see your notes, the podium, etc. Worse, it will tend to put your audience to sleep. Really. By contrast, dark text on light-colored slides can usually be read with lights on and shades open. Don't let your host, or anyone else, manage the lighting for you — tell them you prefer to leave the lights on. If you can see it, your audience can probably see it too. If in doubt, walk to the back of the room and check. Keep the glitz factor low. Fades, transitions, backgrounds, sound effects, and so on can be a real pitfall. Glitzing up your presentations can turn into a serious time sink, detracting from the far more important time you spend on content. Also, they can give your audience the impression that you care more about surface than substance. Finally, they can cause breakdowns during the presentation if they don't work as you expect them to — which will be often. Nothing irritates an audience more than watching somebody fiddle frantically with a computer

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in the middle of a talk. So keep everything basic, at least until you've completely mastered the software. Always practice the final version. Talk to the audience, not the screen. Everyone else is staring at the screen, so you may find yourself drawn to stare at it too. If you do this, the audience will be looking at your back, and they won't be able to hear you. Instead, have your laptop, or a paper version of your notes, in front of you. Speak from that, rather than from the slides on the screen. This takes practice, practice, and more practice.

6. Delivering the presentation. Depending the type of presentation you will make, you need to know and understand your role as a speaker. Are you going to be the only speaker who will present everything and address your audience’s queries after? Are you one of the several speakers in a team? If so, are you the main speaker? Are you going to start or end the presentation? Whatever your role is, you need to remember that you have to own the stage once you are up there. Here are some tips from Paul N. Edwards (2013):

Some Rules of Thumb No rule applies always and everywhere USUALLY BETTER USUALLY WORSE Talk Read Stand Sit Move Stand still Vary the pitch of your voice Speak in a monotone Speak loudly, facing the Mumble, facing downward audience Stare at your laptop Make eye contact Get lost in details Focus on main points Use outlines, images, and charts Don’t practice because you’re too busy working on the slides Finish within your time limit Start without an overview; trail off without a conclusion Summarize your main points at Ignore audience behavior the beginning and end Notice your audience and Emulate your advisor, even if s/he gives lousy talks respond to its needs Run overtime Emulate excellent speakers In making effective presentations, Baker (2011) suggests that you take control of the material, the audience, and yourself. Consider the following: x

x

Make sure you have sufficient knowledge on your topic. How well do you know your subject matter? Can you present without reading your notes? Do you have credible and reliable information from purposeful research? Remember that you must demonstrate credibility as a presenter, aside from knowing and understanding your topic; You also need to know who your target audience is. Learn as much as you can about them. Are they older, younger, or the same age as you? What are they

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x

interested in? Are they experts in the field? How can your presentation capture and sustain their levels of interest and attention? You need to take control of yourself. Remember that although you will use multimedia elements you are the best visual aid. So, you need to prepare yourself emotionally, psychologically and intellectually for the presentation. To be an effective communicator, use your voice, eyes, and body effectively. Be mindful of the time allotted for your presentation and stick to it. Avoid doing anything that feel unnatural to you. Feel comfortable on stage and in front of the audience. Establish and maintain eye contact. Make sure you practice as it will go along way.

7. Evaluating and Reflecting on the Presentation. Being an effective communicator does not happen overnight. Like any successful individual, one goes through a process that involves looking back in order to learn from experience and prepare for the next similar task. In the context of oral presentations, here are some questions to help you evaluate and reflect on your experience: x How did I perform as a speaker? Did I fulfill the role effectively? x How did I communicate my message to my audience? Did my presentation make any visible impact to them? x What should I continue effectively? x What should I improve on for the next time?

Advantages of Having Audio-Visuals

catch the audience attention

help the audience better understand the intended message

make the audience remember the concept

make the class more interesting

help students experience things virtually

provide opportunity for effective communication

Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further understand the lesson:

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1. Madrunio, M. R. & Martin, I.P. (2018). Purposive communication: Using English in multilingual contexts. Quezon: C & E 2. Aquino, A. et. al (2018). Purposive communication for the 21st century learners. Malabon: Jo-Deh Publishing. 3. Dapat, R. et. al (2018). Essence and Essentials of Purposive Communication in the 21st Century. Mandaluyong: Books Atbp. 4. Martinez, R. (2018). Purposive communication. Manila: Mindshapers.

Let’s Check Activity 1. Answer the following questions below. 1. How do audio-visual help in demonstration or lecture? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 2. What are the things to consider in making an effective audio-visual presentation? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 3. What could be the limitations of the audio-visual aids? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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Activity 2. Watch a video on Youtube by using the link below and answer the following questions. Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATfY8dvbuFg 1. Describe the presentation. Is it effective or not? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2. Describe the speaker. What qualities does she have based on her presentation? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 3. How does the audience react to the speaker? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 4. Based on what you have seen in the video, make a list of the DO’s and the DON’T’S in making oral presentations. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ DO’s: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ DON’T’s: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

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Let’s Analyze Activity 1. PREPARING FOR AN AUDIO-VISUAL PRESENTATION....