Week 7 Controlling Infectious Diseases PDF

Preview

Summary

Week 7 : Controlling Infectious Diseases 1⛪Week 7 : Controlling InfectiousDiseasesLesson Objectives To understand the transmission dynamics of infectious agents Directly : person to person by means of direct contact e. Sexual Transmission , sneezes, transplants, across placenta Indirectly : thru a c...

Description

Week 7 : Controlling Infectious Diseases Lesson Objectives To understand the transmission dynamics of infectious agents Directly : person to person by means of direct contact e.g. Sexual Transmission , sneezes, transplants, across placenta Indirectly : thru a common vehicle e.g. Contaminated water or air or through a vector e.g. mosquito To be familiar with associated terminology, including Basic Reproductive Rate and Effective Reproductive Number Check Below To understand how immunity affects the Effective Reproductive Number If ppl are immunised, effective reproductive number decreases. To understand the role of vaccination in the control and prevention of infectious disease Primary Prevention. Protect against subsequent infections To know the definition of an outbreak See Below

To understand why outbreaks should be investigated Stop the outbreak Prevent further outbreaks Improve surveillance and outbreak detection Improve our knowledge Keep publics confidence Training To understand how outbreaks should be investigated

Effective

average number of individuals infected by an infectious person when

Reproductive

that person is in a population of susceptible & non susceptible

Number

individuals

Basic Reproductive Rate

Average number of individuals directly infected by an infectious case ( they become secondary cases/infections) during his or her entire infectious period, when she or he enters a totally susceptible population

Herd Immunity

Level of immunity in a population which prevents epidemic even if some transmission may still occur. Presence of immune individuals protects those who are not themselves immune person is made immune/resistant to an infectious disease via

Immunisation

administration of a vaccine that stimulates body's immune syst to protect person against subsequent infection/disease

Herd Immunity Threshold Outbreak

Minimum proportion (p) of population that needs to be immunized in order to obtain herd immunity Occurence of more cases of disease than expected - in a given area among a specific grp of ppl -Over a particular period of time An individual who has the pathogen but is not shown as being infected

Carrier

through testing/shows no evidence of clinical illness. Can still infect others, but, infectivity is lower than other infections

Untitled

Formulas p = 1 - 1/R0 Herd Immunity Threshold R0 = β * κ * D Basic Reproductive Rate R0...