Week 7 Drug Template - Study Guide PDF

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Week 7 drug Template (female reproductive drugs) Drug class estrogen

Progestins

Bisphosphonate s

Drugs Estradiol

hydroxyprogesterone (Hylutin) levonorgestrel (Plan B) medroxyprogesterone (Provera, Depo-Provera) megestrol (Megace) alendronate (Fosamax), ibandronate (Boniva),

Action and use Development and maintenance of the female reproductive system Treatment or prevention of disorders that result from estrogen deficiency -uterine bleeding, -osteoporosis etc

Inhibits the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents follicular maturation and ovulation, prevent conception Treatment of functional uterine bleeding caused by: Hormonal imbalance, Fibroids Uterine cancer inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, which in turn indirectly enhances bone mineral density

Adverse effects Thrombolytic events: Nausea: Hypertension, thrombophlebitis, edema, Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation photosensitivity, chloasma Amenorrhea, Tender breasts, fluid retention, headaches Liver dysfunction, Thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic Nausea, vomiting Amenorrhea, spotting Edema, weight gain or loss Hypertension Headache, gastrointestinal (GI) upset, joint pain Risk of esophageal burns if medication lodges in esophagus before reaching the stomach Risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw

Nursing implications Monitor for blood clots Not smoking Exercise

-Upright for 30 minutes after administration -In the morning before breakfast

Week 7 drug Template (female reproductive drugs) Drug class Selective estrogen receptor modifiers (SERMs) Hormones Hormones Fertility Drugs

Fertility Drugs Uterine Stimulants oxytocics

Uterine Relaxants: Tocolytics Uterine Relaxants: Tocolytics Herbal Products:

Drug raloxifene (Evista) tamoxifen (Nolvadex teriparatide (Forteo): calcitonin (Calcimar) Clomiphene (Clomid, Serophene

Chorionic gonadotropin Oxytocin Prostaglandins Ergot derivatives

Indomethacin Nifedipine (Calcium channel blocker)

Action and use Stimulate estrogen receptors on bone and increase bone density

Adverse effect Hot flashes, leg cramps Increased risk of venous thromboembolism

stimulates bone formation osteoblastic activities Directly inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption Blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus and brain, resulting in a false signal of low estrogen levels Increases production of gonadotropinreleasing hormone, FSH, and LH

chest pain, dizziness, hypercalcemia, nausea, and arthralgia flushing of the face, nausea, diarrhea, and reduced appetite Tachycardia, hypovolemia, DVT Dizziness, headache, flushing, depression, restlessness, anxiety, nervousness, fatigue Nausea, bloating, constipation, vomiting, anorexia Urticaria, ovarian hyperstimulation, multiple pregnancy, blurred vision, diplopia, photosensitivity, breast pain Same as above

Used to stimulate ovulation Promote labor

Used to stop labor that begins before term to prevent premature birth Inhibits myometrial activity by blocking calcium influx

Hypotension or hypertension, chest pain Headache, dizziness, fainting Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Vaginitis, vaginal pain, cramping Leg cramps, joint swelling, chills, fever, weakness, blurred vision Nausea vomiting, constipation, dizziness,

Hypotension, tachycardia, constipation

Nursing implication

Week 7 drug Template (male reproductive drugs) Drug class Androgen (Testosterone)

Androgen (Anabolic steroids) Androgen Inhibitors

Alpha1-Adrenergic Blockers Androgen Receptor Blockers GonadotropinReleasing Hormone Analogs

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors

Drug Methyltestosterone Fluoxymesterone

Action and use primary and secondary male sex characteristics Development of bone and muscle tissue Oxymetholone Oxandrolone promote weight gain after Nandrolone extensive surgery, trauma, chronic diseases, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors Block the effects of naturally occurring androgens Finasteride Inhibition of 5-alpha reductase prevents the thinning of hair caused by increased levels of DHT Male pattern baldness Doxazosin (Cardura) Used for symptomatic relief of Tamsulosin (Flomax) obstruction caused by BPH Terazosin (Hytrin) Flutamide (Eulexin) Block the activity of androgen Nilutamide (Nilandron) hormones at target tissue (prostate) receptors Goserelin (Zoladex) treat prostate cancer inhibit the secretion of pituitary Leuprolide (Lupron) Triptorelin (Trelstar) gonadotropin, which eventually leads to a decrease in testosterone production treatment of erectile Sildenafil (Viagra) Vardenafil (Levitra) dysfunction Tadalafil (Cialis)

Adverse effect fluid retention, headache, anxiety, liver dysfunction, blood clots, MI Liver CA

Nursing implication

Same as above

loss of libido, loss of erection, ejaculatory dysfunction, hypersensitivity reactions, gynecomastia, severe myopathy, hypotension dizziness

Hypotension, tachycardia, drowsiness, urinary frequency SE similar to those of androgen inhibitors SE similar to those of androgen inhibitors

Priapism Hypotension, dizziness, HA

Not for treatment of female baldness Teratogenic in pregnant women

Ophthalmic Drugs Drug class drugs Antiglaucoma Cholinergics drugs pilocarpine (Pilocar) acetylcholine (MiocholE) Antiglaucoma Adrenergics drugs Apraclonidine (Iopidine Dipivefrin (Propine)

action Cause pupillary constriction (miosis), which leads to reduced IOP caused by increased outflow of aqueous humor

Antiglaucoma drugs

Reducing aqueous humor formation Increasing aqueous humor outflow

Anti-adrenergics: beta blockers

Stimulate the dilator muscle to contract Result is increased pupil size (mydriasis) Enhance aqueous humor outflow through the canal of Schlemm

Timolol (Timoptic) Betaxolol (Betoptic)

Antiglaucoma drugs

Antiglaucoma drugs Antiglaucoma drugs

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Brinzolamide (Azopt) Dorzolamide (Trusopt) Osmotic diuretics Mannitol Prostaglandin agonists latanoprost (Xalatan) travoprost (Travatan-Z)

Inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which reduces aqueous humor formation in the eye Water is forced from the aqueous and vitreous humors into the bloodstream Result in decrease IOP Reduce IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous fluid

Adverse effects Hypotension, bradycardia, or tachycardia Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, asthma attacks with systemic absorption Primarily limited to ocular effects Burning, Eye pain Lacrimation Rare systemic effects Hypertension Tachycardia Extrasystoles Headache,Faintness Primarily ocular effects Transient burning and discomfort Blurred vision, Pain Photophobia Limited systemic effects Headache, Dizziness Cardiac irregularities Bronchospasm Drowsiness, confusion Transient myopia, tinnitus Anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea (for oral form) Nausea, vomiting, headache May cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance eye color will change permanently to brown.

Nursing implications

Week 7 drug Template (ophthalmic  drugs) Drug class Antimicrobial

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Drug Gentamicin Erythromycin, Bacitracin ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan) Ganciclovir (Vitrasert) ketorolac (Acular) flurbiprofen (Ocufen

Topical anesthetics Diagnostic drugs

Antiallergic drugs Lubricants and moisturizers

Corticosteroids dexamethasone (Decadron) fluocinonide (Retisert) Tetracaine Proparacaine Cycloplegic mydriatics scopolamine Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) Cromolyn sodium (Crolom) Artificial tears Brand names include Murine, Nu-Tears, etcMoisture Drops, Tears Plus, Akwa Tears

Action and use Suppress and destroy pathogens

Adverse effect Local irritation Tearing, inflammation(redness)

Decrease inflammation Indicated post-surgery

Local irritation Tearing

For eye procedures To decrease pain Dilate the pupil Paralyze ciliary muscle and prevent blinking Decrease inflammation from allergen Provides moisture to the eye

Local Numbness around the eye Safety concern

Nursing implication

Local effect

Optic Drugs Drug class Antibiotics, Antifungals Anti-inflammatories Local analgesics Local anesthetics Corticosteroids Earwax emulsifiers

drugs

action

Adverse effects Local Dizziness if administered cold.

Carbamide peroxide (Debrox)

Combined w/other drugs, like glycerin, to loosen and help remove cerumen

Dizziness

Nursing implications

Dermatologic Drugs Drug class

drugs

action

Adverse effects

Antibacterial Drugs

Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)

Used to prevent or treat infection at the site of second- and third-degree burns

pain, burning, and itching

Antibacterial Drugs Antibacterial Drugs Antiacne Drugs

Bacitracin, Neomycin, Polymyxin Mupirocin (Bactroban) benzoyl peroxide, erythromycin tetracycline

Antiacne Drugs

isotretinoin

Topical Antifungal

Clotrimazole, Miconazole (Monistat) Acyclovir (Zovirax EMLA: lidocaine–prilocaine

Topical Antiviral Drugs Topical Anesthetic Drugs Topical Antipruritic Drugs Antipsoriatic drugs Topical ectoparasiticidal hair growth drug Sunscreens Topical antineoplastics

Antihistamines Corticosteroids tazarotene (Tazorac)tar-containing products lindane (Kwell), malathion (Ovide)crotamiton (Eurax) minoxidil (Rogaine SPF of 15 or greater fluorouracil (Efudex)

Staphylococcus & Streptococcus impetigo Affects bacterial growth and replication

Treatment of severe acne Stimulates the turnover of epithelial cells, resulting in skin peeling Treatment of yeast and thrush Shingles, chicken pox etc Used to reduce pain or pruritus with: Insect bites, Sunburn, Poison ivy exposure

Nursing Implications

local inflammatory reactions, edematous blisters, crusted skin, temporary alterations in skin pigmentation Monitor for signs of depression and suicidal ideations...