WORKING IN CONSTRUCTION OF SHEAR WALL TECHNOLOGY PDF

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P.V.P Polytechnic Intensive project WORKING IN CONSTRUCTION OF SHEAR WALL TECHNOLOGY (APARTMENT BUILDING) A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO PVP POLYTECHNIC, BANGALORE-560 056 DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING BY Name of the student Reg no KIRAN PRAJWAL.R 433CE12018 RASHMI.J 433CE12044 KIRAN KUMAR V 433CE1001...

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P.V.P Polytechnic

Intensive project

WORKING IN CONSTRUCTION OF SHEAR WALL TECHNOLOGY (APARTMENT BUILDING)

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO PVP POLYTECHNIC, BANGALORE-560 056 DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING BY

Name of the student

Reg no

KIRAN PRAJWAL.R RASHMI.J KIRAN KUMAR V VIDYASHREE.B MANJUNATH YOGESH.M RAKESH.J SANJAY

433CE12018 433CE12044 433CE10019 433CE12062 433CE12027 433CE12066 433CE12042 433CE12047

Department of Civil Engineering

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PANCHAJANYA VIDYA PEETA (WELFARE TRUST)

®

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Mallathahalli, Bangalore – 560056.

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I, Yogesh M. a student of Diploma in Civil Engineering bearing Reg No. 433CE12066 of VI semester hear by declare that I own full responsibility for the information, results and conclusions provided in this project work titled “Report on Intensive Project” submitted to State Board of Technical Examinations Government of Karnataka for the award of Diploma in 2014-2015. To the best of my knowledge, this project work has not been submitted in part or full elsewhere in any other institution/organization for the award of any certificate/diploma/degree. I have compulsory taken care in acknowledging the contribution of other in this academic work. I further declare that in case of any violation of intellectual property rights and particulars declared, found at n, found at any stage. I as the candidate will be solely responsible for the same. Date: Place: Bangalore

Signature of Candidate Name Yogesh M. Reg No: 433CE12066

:

PANCHAJANYA VIDYA PEETA (WELFARE TRUST) ®

Department of Civil Engineering

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Dept. of Civil Engineering, Mallathahalli, Bangalore – 560056.

CERTIFICATE This is certified that, this project report entitled “Report on Intensive Project” which is being submitted by Yogesh M. Reg. No 433CE12066, a student of VI Semester in partial fulfillment for the award of Diploma in Civil Engineering during the year 2014-2015 is recorded of student own work carried out under my guidance. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report and one copy is being deposited in the polytechnic library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work prescribed for the said diploma. It is further understood that by this certificate the undersigned do not endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn there is but approve the project only for the purpose for which it is submitted.

Guide (C.K. Rajkumar, M.E.) (C.B. Jagadal, B.E.)

Guide (R. Raghu, B.E.)

Head of Department (C.K. Rajkumar, M.E.)

EXAMINER: 1. 2.

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We express our gratitude and sincere thanks to our Principal Sri M. N. Rajshekara, M.tech who was always ready to lend us a helping hand, at any time.

With great pleasure, we express our sincere heart full thanks to HOD Sri C.K. RajKumar, M.E. for his valuable guidance and constant supervision throughout our project report.

We heartily thanks to our guides J. Guru Swamy M.E., N. Praveen Kumar M.E., Y.H. SiddanaGowda B.E., H.M. Rajshekara Murthy B.E., R. Raghu B.E., C.B. Jagadal B.E., L.H. Mithun Kumar B.E., K.V. Srinivas Murthy, instructor and all nonteaching staffs in Civil Engineering Department for encouraging us to do this project and for their valuable help and esteem suggestion given during the execution of this project.

I thank my parents and all my friends for their support and motivation to carry out this project with all our interest.

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CONTENTS TITLE

PAGE NO:

CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Definition 1.2 Scope of the work 1.3 Objective 1.4 Organization

CHAPTER 2: Literature Review 2.1 Review of Literature

CHAPTER 3: Shear Walls 3.1 Purpose of constructing shear wall 3.2 Comparison of shear wall with conventional Load bearing wall 3.3 Forces acting on shear wall 3.4 Classification of shear wall 3.5 Types of shear walls 3.6 Tests

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CHAPTER 4: Materials 4.1 Concrete SCC 4.2 manufactured sand 4.3 Coarse aggregate 4.4 Admixtures 4.5 Tools used in construction

CHAPTER 5: Construction of shear wall 5.1 Excavation 5.2 Foundation and Footings 5.3 Bottom three floors and Waffle slab 5.4 Shear wall construction 5.5 formwork 5.6 Wall ties, Pins and Wedges 5.7 Electrical boards and Plumbing lines 5.8 Concreting 5.9 Curing 5.10 Holes in the slab 5.11 Electrical and Plumbing lines after Concreting 5.12 Painting and Finishing Department of Civil Engineering

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CHAPTER 6: Scope for future work

CHAPTER 7: Conclusion

CHAPTER 8: References

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Chapter: - 1

INTRODUCTION  Shear Walls are specially designed in the buildings to resist lateral forces that are produced in the plane of the wall due to wind, earthquake and other forces. They are provided to avoid the total collapse of the tall buildings under seismic forces. 

For buildings up to 20 stories the use of shear walls is a matter of choice. For buildings over 20 stories, shear walls may become economy and control of lateral deflection.



it is always advisable to build in the region likely to experience earthquake of large intensity or high wind

 They are made up of masonry or concrete and provided between the column  These walls start at foundation level and are continuous throughout the building height  The thickness can be as low as 50mm or as high has 400mm in high rise building  They are provided along both length and width of the building

CONCEPT OF SHEAR WALL DESIGN 

The most important property of shear walls for seismic design that it should have good ductility under reversible and repeated overloads.

 In planning shear wall, we should try to reduce the bending tensile stress by loading them with a gravity load.

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 Shear wall should be laid symmetrically to avoid torsional stresses  Shear walls for wind are designed as simple concrete wall

1.1 HISTORY Besides, food and clothing, shelter is a basic human need. India has been successful in meeting the food and clothing requirements of its vast population; however the problem of providing shelter of all is defying solutions. “While there has been an impressive growth in the total housing stock from 65 million in 1947 to 187.05 million in 2001, and as estimated that, 26 million homes are required by 2012, to meet the large gap still exists between the demand and supply of housing units. The shortage of housing is acutely felt in urban areas –more so in the 35 Indian cities, which according to the 2001 census have a population of more than a million”. ….. (Carol., 2005).

1.2 Scope of the work 

The aim of the shear wall is to investigate the different ways in which the tall structures can be stabilized against the effects of strong horizontal wind loading and



seismic loading. Some other reasons why we use shear walls are tall structures can be constructed which reduces the area used and we can accommodate a large population in that



particular area.



This study helps in the investigation of strength and ductility of walls.



Other objective is to construct a cost effective structure in less period of time.

The strength of shear walls tested are compared with the calculated strengths based on design codes.

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1.3 Objective Shear walls are quick in construction, and in a country like India where shelter is very important in a short lapse of time shear walls can be built very quickly. The precision to which they are built is also very high compared to normally built brick structures. Hence the key objective of shear wall is to build a safe, tall, aesthetic building.

Shear walls are not only designed to resist gravity / vertical loads (due to its selfweight and other living / moving loads), but they are also designed for lateral loads of earthquakes / wind. The walls are structurally integrated with roofs / floors (diaphragms) and other lateral walls running across at right angles, thereby giving the three dimensional stability for the building structures.

Shear wall structural systems are more stable. Because, their supporting area (total crosssectional area of all shear walls) with reference to total plans area of building, is comparatively more, unlike in the case of RCC framed structures. Walls have to resist the uplift forces caused by the pull of the wind. Walls have to resist the shear forces that try to push the walls over.

SITE LOCATION AND DETAILS:-

Hombale infrastructure ltd  Hombale Infrastructure ltd. Komagatta near kengeri, Bangalore.  No. of units: - 216 (S+G+8)  Carpet area: - 600 sq.ft (each unit)

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PROJECT DETAILS

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ROUTE MAP OF PROJECT SITE

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SITE LOCATION FROM NICE ROAD

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PROJECT SITE

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Chapter: - 2

LITERATURE REVIEW Review of literature: Development of shear wall system for construction has advanced dramatically over the past few years. Shear wall systems were initially developed to reduce damage due to earth quakes labour requirements, increase strength of the building, shorten construction time reduce cost increase quality of life.

U.H. Varyani described about shear walled buildings under horizontal loads. Considering in his design “Reinforced concrete framed buildings are adequate for resisting both the vertical and the horizontal loads acting on shear walls of a building”. In his 2nd edition 2002 of “Design of structures”. He gave rigidity of shear wall, torsional rigidity and shear center of a building in a detailed description.

S.K. Duggal on his profound interest on structures gave a detailed description about reinforced concrete buildings in his book “Earth quake resistant design of structures “describing a wall in a building which resist lateral loads originating from wind or earthquakes are known as shear walls”. He considered flexural strength in the wall to be dominant force based on which design of structure to be carried out in tall shear walls. He described in detail about various types of shear walls with their load bearing capacities as per code requirements.

Mr A.P. Jadhav Associate Professor Rajarambapu Institute of technology rajaramnagar, Islampur has given a detailed report on the form work used for the construction of shear walls. Mr.A.P.Jadhav highlighted the importance of quickness in construction and the need for earthquake resistant building for better sustainability of life. Shahabodin. Zaregarizi [12] had done comparative study on shear walls and concrete infill’s to improve seismic performance on existing buildings and found that concrete infill’s have considerable strength while Brick one has lower strength and such combination of concrete and brick infill’s can reduces the negative effects of brick and concrete infill’s. Anshuman.

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S , Dipendu Bhunia , Bhavin Ramjiyani[13]focused on the solution for shear wall location in multistory building based on its both elastic and elastic-plastic behaviors. R. S. Malik, S. K. Madan, V. K. Sehgal [14] analyzed the effect of height on the curtailment of shear wall. R.C special moment resisting frames and concluded that that curtailment of shear wall up to 50% height of the building had a marginal effect on the distribution of horizontal story shear among the shear wall frames and interior frames. But height of the building has a significant role in story shear distribution. S. V. Venkatesh, H. Sharada Bai [15] discussed, the difference in structural behavior of 10 story basic moment resisting RC frames when provided with two different types of shear wall as Lateral (earthquake) Load Resisting Structural systems (LLRS) concluded that External shear walls serve as an alternative to internal shear walls in retrofitting seismically deficient structures, particularly when it is not possible to vacate the building during retrofitting. A report on effects of openings in shear walls on seismic response of structure by sharminrizachowdhary, department of civil engineering dhake-1208, Bangladesh mostly focused on the design of shear walls with openings on seismic response using E-Tabs,i.e extended three dimensional analysis of buildings. This report gives a detailed explanation of how ETABS can be effectively used to design shear walls.

INDIAN STANDARD CODES: 



I.S 456:2000



given details of how shear wall have to be constructed.

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the estimation of earth quake loads.

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where 9.1 gives general requirements. 9.2 shear strength

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9.6 give openings in shear walls.

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As per clause 32, design for wall describes, design of horizontal shear in clause 32.4

I.S:1893 Criteria of Earth Quake resistant Buildings Part (3) page 23, clause 4.2 gives

In IS: 13920:1993 it gives the ductile detailing of shear wall as per clause 9,

9.3 give flexural strength

Ductile detailing, as per the code IS: 13920:1993 is considered very important as the ductile detailing gives the amount of reinforcement required and the alignment of bars.

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Chapter:-3

SHEAR WALL 1.1 Definition Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure. In residential construction, shear walls are straight external walls that typically form a box which provides all of the lateral support for the building. When shear walls are designed and constructed properly, and they will have the strength and stiffness to resist the horizontal forces.

3.1 PURPOSE OF CONSTRUCTING SHEAR WALLS 

Shear wall structural systems are more stable. Because, their supporting area (total cross-sectional area of all shear walls) with reference to total plans area of building, is



comparatively more, unlike in the case of RCC framed structures.



Walls have to resist the uplift forces caused by the pull of the wind.



the members using formwork.

Shear walls are quick in construction, as the method adopted to construct is concreting Shear walls doesn’t need any extra plastering or finishing as the wall itself gives such a high level of precision, that it doesn’t require plastering.

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ADVANTAGES OF SHEAR WALLS IN RC BUILDING

 Shear walls have shown very good performance in past earthquakes.

 They are easy to construct , because reinforcement detailing of wall can be easily implemented at site  Shear wall are efficient, both in term of construction, cost and effectiveness in minimizing earthquake damage in structural and nonstructural elements like glass etc  Earlier tall buildings were only made of steel , as bracings to take lateral wind load

ASSUMPTIONS IN DESIGN OF SHEAR WALLS:  Shear walls will be assumed to possess adequate foundations that can transmit actions from the superstructure into the ground  The foundation does not affect its own stiffness relative to other walls.  The entire lateral force is resisted by structural walls.

 Shear walls, offer resistance independently with respect to two major axes.

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3.2 COMPARISONS OF SHEAR WALL WITH CONSTRUCTION OF CONVENTIONAL LOAD BEARING WALLS 

Load bearing masonry is very brittle material. Due to different kinds of stresses such as shear, tension, torsion, etc., caused by the earthquakes, the conventional unreinforced brick masonry collapses instantly during the unpredictable and sudden earthquakes.



The RCC framed structures are slender, when compared to shear wall concept of box like three-dimensional structures. Though it is possible to design the earthquake resistant RCC frame, it requires extraordinary skills at design, detailing and construction levels, which cannot be anticipated in all types of construction projects.

Comparison of Speed of construction (For Typical Plan) Sl No

Description of Activity

Conventional

RMDC

2

Plinth

10

0

3

Columns

15

0

4

Beams

10

0

5

Slab

15

0

6

Walls

30

24

7

Plastering

30

0

Total

140 days

40 days

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3.3 FORCES ON SHEAR WALL Shear walls resist two types of forces: Shear forces and uplift forces.

 Shear force: -

Shear forces are the forces pushing one part of the body in one direction and another part of the body in opposite direction.

 uplift forces:Uplift forces exist on shear walls because the horizontal forces are applied to the top of the wall. These uplift forces try to lift up one end of the wall and push the other end down.

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3.4 CLASSIFICATION OF SHEAR WALLS

¬ Sim...