Worksheet for Deductive Structure PDF

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Worksheet for Deductive Structure A. B.

Categorical Enthymemes Label the terms in each categorical enthymeme. Analyze the structure of each categorical enthymeme. Remember, to be structurally sound, the minor premise must distribute the middle term. 1.

Major premise: Minor premise: Conclusion:

All telescopes have lenses. My glasses have lenses. (Incorrect – middle term not used) My glasses have telescopes. (incorrect – major term not used)

Major term – Lenses Middle term – All telescopes Minor term – My glasses *Incorrect structure 2.

Major premise: All law students should become skilled advocates. Minor premise: Doug is a law student. Conclusion: Doug should become a skilled advocate Major term – skilled advocates Middle term – law student Minor term – Doug *no errors and correct Structure 3.

Major premise: Minor premise: Conclusion: Major term – work out Middle term – All athletes Minor term – John *incorrect structure

A. B.

All athletes work out. John works out. (Incorrect – middle term not used) John is an athlete. (incorrect – major term not used)

Hypothetical Enthymemes Identify the antecedent and the consequent of each of these hypothetical enthymemes. Analyze the structure of each hypothetical enthymeme. Remember, to be structurally sound, the minor premise must either affirm the antecedent or deny the consequent. 1.

Major premise: If funds are cut, the quality of the university will decline. Minor premise: Funds have been cut. Conclusion: The quality of the university will decline. Antecedent – If (funds are cut) Consequent – (then) the quality of the university will decline

*correct structure – Minor premise affirms antecedent 2.

Major premise: If funds are cut, the quality of the university will decline. Minor premise: The quality of the university did not decline. Conclusion: Funds were not cut. Antecedent – If (funds are cut) Consequent – (then) the quality of the university will decline *correct structure – Minor premise denies consequent

3.

Major premise: Minor premise: Conclusion:

If a student cheats, s/he will be expelled. Tamara was expelled. Tamara must have cheated.

Antecedent – If (a student cheats) Consequent – (then) s/he will be expelled *Incorrect structure – Minor premise does not deny consequent

A. B.

Disjunctive Enthymemes Label the alternatives in each disjunctive enthymeme. Analyze the structure of each disjunctive enthymeme. Remember, to be structurally sound, the minor premise(s) must eliminate all but one of the possible alternatives. 1. Major premise: We decided to buy either the Chevrolet or the Ford. Minor premise: We did not buy the Ford. Conclusion: We bought the Chevrolet. Alternatives – either to buy the Chevrolet or to buy the Ford *correct structure – major premise has all reasonable alternatives that is mutually exclusive and minor premise eliminates one alternative 2.

We will go to either my mom’s or my grandma’s house for Thanksgiving. Minor premise: We did not go to my mom’s. Conclusion: We went to my grandma’s for Thanksgiving. Alternatives – either go to my mom’s house or go to my grandma’s house *correct structure – major premise has all reasonable alternatives that is mutually exclusive and minor premise eliminates one alternative

3.

Major premise:

Major premise: You are either a football player or a basketball player. Minor premise: You do not play football. Conclusion: You are a basketball player. Alternatives – either a football player or a basketball player

*correct structure –

major premise has all reasonable alternatives that is mutually exclusive and minor premise eliminates one alternative

Complete the following by supplying the missing statement. 1. All members of the Chemistry Fraternity have high grade-point averages. Elizabeth is a member of the Chemistry Fraternity. Therefore, Elizabeth has high grade-point averages. 2.

Naturally Jared doesn’t know much about fuel pipes. He’s only six weeks old. Six weeks old do not know much about fuel pipes Jared is only six weeks old Jared doesn’t know much about fuel pipes

3.

All students majoring in Communication are hard-working. Consequently, Greg must be hard-working. Greg is majoring in Communication

4.

I suppose Stephan likes all this snow. He’s from Fargo, North Dakota, isn’t he? All people from Fargo, North Dakota like snow Stephan is from Fargo, North Dakota Stephan likes all this snow Also can be structured as: When a person is from Fargo, North Dakota, the person likes all this snow Stephan is from Fargo, North Dakota Stephan likes all this snow 5.

AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY All restricted area has a sign of AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY ISU is not a restricted area ISU does not have a sign of AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

Identify the errors in the following statements. 1.

All people with a high temperature have appendicitis. Andy has a high temperature. Therefore, Andy has appendicitis *no errors and correct Structure – middle term used in minor premise 2.

If it rains, my car will get wet. My car is wet. It must have rained. *Incorrect Structure – Minor premise affirms consequent instead of denying it

3.

Every political campaign speech is an emotional speech. None of Mr. Ryan’s speeches are political campaign speeches. So, none of Mr. Ryan’s speeches are emotional speeches. *no errors and correct Structure – middle term used in minor premise 4.

All liberals are troublemakers. Jill is a troublemaker. Jill is a liberal. *Incorrect Structure – middle term (All liberals) used in conclusion instead of minor premise 5. Are we human or are we dancers. *Should be structured as “Either we are human or we are dancers” 6.

All senior citizens must have Life Alert. Mary is not a senior citizen. Mary does not have Life Alert. *no errors and correct Structure – middle term used in minor premise...