Worksheet week 4 Integumentary System converted PDF

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ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

Worksheet for Week 4:

The Integumentary System Prepared by: Prof. Gilmore G. Solidum, PhD For the Anatomy and Physiology Cluster, PLM College of Nursing

Overview Considered an organ system because of its extent and complexity, the skin (sometimes referred to as integument) and its accessory structures (hair and nails), comprise the integumentary system. Though mostly external to the body, the integumentary system is much more than simply a covering. Rather, the integumentary is an architectural marvel. Being tough yet pliable, the skin is able to withstand persistent insults from external agents thus provide the body a protective covering, Further, the integumentary system serves as body antenna that senses the environment and helps maintain body homeostasis. Moreover, the skin’s complex capillary network (as controlled by the nervous system) is essential in the regulation of heat loss from the body surface. Other functions of the skin include being some sort of an excretory system where urea, salts, and water are lost through the skin pores in sweat while performing important metabolic duties (carries out some chemical conversions that activate or inactivate certain drugs and hormones, and is the site of vitamin D synthesis for the body).

Learning Outcomes After accomplishing the laboratory worksheet on the integumentary system, you should be able to: 1. recount the several important functions of the skin, or integumentary system. 2. recognize and name during observation of an appropriate the structures of the skin and the appendages 3. name the layers of the epidermis and describe the characteristics of each 4. compare the properties of the epidermis to those of the dermis 5. describe the distribution and function of the sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hairs. 6. differentiate between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. 7. enumerate the factors determining skin color. 8. describe the function of melanin.

General Instruction 1. Each student is given until the one week to complete the laboratory activities (unless otherwise indicated by the faculty in charge). All submittals, in MS Teams, should be turned in 11:59 PM of the day before the schedule of the next class day. 2. Read and understand each question carefully. 3. The formats indicated in the laboratory worksheet are just recommendations and suggestions. Your creativity will be much appreciate. 4. Answer boxes may be provided for you to place your answers.

ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY 1st Semester SY 2020-2021 Week 4: The Integumentary System

1. The Skin: Its Structure and Function. a. Using the terms below, choose all responses that apply to the given descriptions. Stratum basale Stratum lucidum Reticular layer

Stratum corneum Stratum spinosum Epidermis

Stratum granulosum Papillary layer Dermis

Stratum Lucidum a.1. Translucent cells in thick skin containing keratin fibrils Stratum Corneum a.2. Dead cells & Stratum Lucidum Papillary Layer a.3. Dermal layer responsible for finger prints Dermis

a.4. Vascular region

Epidermis

a.5. Major skin area that produces derivatives (nails and hair)

Stratum Basale

a.6. Epidermal region exhibiting the most rapid cell division

Stratum Corneum

a.7. Scale-like dead cells, full of keratin that constantly slough off

Stratum Spinosum a.8. Mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments Dermis a.9. Has abundant elastic and collagenous fibers Stratum Spinosum

a.10. Area where web-like pre-keratin filaments first appear

Papillary Layer

a.11. Region of areolar connective tissue

Stratum Basale

a.12. Location of melanocytes and tactile (Merkel) cells

b. What are the four major protective functions of the skin? Function 1

Function 3

Function 2

Function 4

c. Below is a diagram of the skin. Label the structures and areas indicated by filling in the answer box.

Answer box c.1. c.2. c.3. c.4. c.5. c.6. c.7. c.8. c.9.

c.10. c.11. c.12. c.13. c.14. c.15. c.16. c.17.

d. Fill in the blanks to complete the statements. d.1. The cutaneous sense organs are found in the . d.2. The skin has two distinct regions: the and the dermis. d.3. is a fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its durability and protective capabilities. d.4. granules extruded from the keratinocytes prevent water loss by diffusion through the epidermis. d.5. Fibers in the dermis are produced by . d.6. Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the glands. d.7. Phagocytotic cells that occupy the epidermis are called . d.8. A unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is . d.9. The layer is present is a thick skin but is absent in a thin skin. d.10. People who produce large amounts of melanin have skin.

e. Watch the TedTalk of renowned scientist Dr. Nina Jablonski on “breaks the illusion of skin color” via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOSPNVunyFQ. Participate in the discussion board / forum based on the YouTube video. Appropriate announcement will be made. f. Cirilo, 35 years old, was rushed to the Emergency Department (ED) because he is having difficulty of breathing. The family expressed concern as he looked bluish. The ED nurse phones the doctor and informs him that the patient is cyanotic. Define cyanosis and what does it imply. Based on your knowledge of factors that affect skin color, how will you explain such occurence.

g. Mary Anne is serious about losing weight and went on a juicing diet and drunk at least 5 cups of carrot juice each day. On the 10th day, you noticed that she looked “yellowy to orangy” in color. How will this be explained?

h. Decubitus ulcers are common among patients who are bed ridden. What is decubitus ulcer and based on your understanding of the integument, why does it happen.

2. Accessory Organs of the Skin a. Identification. Below are descriptions that pertain to appendages of the integumentary system. Identify what is being referred to by filling in the blanks before each number. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Produces an accumulation of oily material that is known as a blackhead Tiny muscles, attached to hair follicles, that pull the hair upright when frightened or feeling cold Perspiration glands with a role in temperature control Sheath formed of epithelial and connective tissues Less numerous type of perspiration-producing glands; found mainly in the pubic and axillary regions Found everywhere on the body except the palms of hands and soles of feet Primarily dead/keratinized cells Specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature, touch, pain, etc Secretes a lubricant for hair and skin “sports” a lunule and a cuticle

b. Describe two (2) mechanisms in the integumentary system that help in regulating body temperature. Mechanism 1:

Mechanism 2:

3. The Sweat Glands 

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Prepare the following materials: o Two (2) squares of bond paper (each 1 cm X 1 cm) o Adhesive tape o Betadine (or any iodine) solution o Cotton-tipped swab (cotton buds) Using your cotton swabs, paint an area of the medial aspect of your left palm (avoid the crease lines) and a region of your left forearm with the Betadine/Iodine solution. Make sure that the painted areas are slightly larger than the paper squares. (Take a photo document and label Photo1) Allow the painted areas to dry thoroughly. Have someone in your house securely tape a square of bond paper over each iodine-painted area. Proceed to a slightly warm room and leave the squares of bond papers in place for about 20 minutes or until you produce perspiration. (Take a photo document and label Photo 2) After 20 minutes, remove the paper squares (take a photo document and label Photo 3 [palm] and Photo 4 [forearm]) and count the number of blue-black dots on each square (put arrows to indicate to the dots). The presence of a blue-black dot on the paper indicates active sweat gland. You may have just made your own “sweat maps” for the two skin areas.

a. Based on Photos 3 and 4, which skin area tested has the greater density of sweat glands? Are you expecting this result? Why or why not?

b. Explain how the blue-black dots were produced in this experiment.

4. Your Finger …. Your Print. 

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Prepare the following materials: o One (1) 4 in. X 6 in. bond papers o Ink pad (any color) o Paper towel or tissue paper Wash your hands and dry them well. Open the ink pad and with your left thumb and right index finger, make finger prints in your bond paper. Be sure to roll your fingers from side to side while maintaining a firm press on the bond paper. If the prints are too light or too dark or is smeared, repeat the procedure. Label the prints appropriately (indicate your name and thumb and index finger prints). Take a photo of your prints. Share your photo finger prints to two (2) other classmates and ask them to share their photo prints to you too. Make sure that you have 3 different finger prints (yours and 2 of your classmates’)

a. Each of us has a unique genetically determined set of fingerprints. There are three (3) most common patterns: arches, loops and whorls.

Based on photos that you have, what is the pattern of each of the finger prints. Photo Owner’s name

Pattern:

Owner’s name

Pattern: Owner’s name

Pattern:

b. Did you find it easy or difficult to classify the fingerprints into one of the three categories? Why easy or why difficult?

c. Was identifying your own finger print easier that recognizing those of others? Why do you think so?...