03 01 journal - 3.01 PDF

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Chemistry Journal 3.1 Valence Electrons Driving Question: What directs chemical reactions between substances, and what factors limit chemical bonding between atoms? Key Ideas and Terms Notes FQ: What factors influence chemical bonding? Define chemical bond. A link between two atoms resulting from the mutual attraction of their nuclei for valence electrons Video: Chemical Bonding and Valence Electrons 

What did Lewis's octet rule propose?

the atoms of all elements has between one and eight electrons in their outermost, or valence, shell

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Elements in the first group of the periodic table have just one electron in their outer shell. Describe the pattern for the other tall columns.

the last group of the table has a full outer shell of eight electrons

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How many electrons are in the valence shell of noble gases?

8

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The atoms of elements can lose, gain, or even share _______. How many are needed for stable configurations?

electrons

Explain the relationship between valence electrons and bonding.

Bonds are classified by the way electrons are distributed

What is the different between ionic and covalent bonds?

Ionic: a chemical bond resulting from the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions Covalent: electrons are shared between 2 atoms, neither atom completely gaining or loosing electrons FQ: How are valence electrons identified in electron configurations?

The outermost shell is the

Highest, electrons

____ energy level that contains ___ in an atom. How can you determine the number of valence electrons from an electron configuration? Provide an example from the lesson.

The highest energy level used

Illustrate the arrangement of nitrogen's valence electrons using electron configurations. FQ: How is the periodic table used to determine an element's valence electrons? Describe the octet rule.

States that atoms for elements in the main element groups prefer to have up to 8 valence electrons

If the valence electrons equal eight, the element is ________. What does this mean regarding reactivity?

Inert. It doesn’t react with other substances

Describe what you learned Groups 1 and 2: one valence electron in their outermost shell. 2 has about valence electrons for 2 valence electrons each group of the periodic Transition metals: columns don’t tell us the total valence electrons table. Groups 3–7: same for 1-2 Group 8: except for helium (2 v.e) all have 8 Video: Transition Metals Why are transition metals more "eager" to react with substances than transition metals to the right of the periodic table?

Its not as reactive

FQ: How do an element's valence electrons relate to its chemical reactivity? Why are valence electrons mostly found in the s and p sublevels of the outermost energy level in an atom?

D and f have challenges bonding and are rarely in volved in chemical reactions

Reactivity Slide Show Describe the reactivity of

Sodium—group 1: highly reactive bc it only needs to give away 1

the example elements in the slide show.

v.e in a chemical reaction Carbon—group 4: less reactive bc 4 electrons are limited in the bonds they can make Chlorine—group 7: highly reactive bc one space is easy to fill in a chemical reaction

Explain how position on the periodic table relates to an element’s reactivity.

Noble gases have a full valence

Combining Elements Activity Combine sodium and fluorine. Describe how they bond.

A single electron moves to the outermost orbit of fluorine, sodium is now positively charged and fluorine has a negative charge, orbits don’t overlap

Neon is a noble gas and has 8 valence electrons so it is Combine lithium and neon. Why don't they bond unreactive together? Combine hydrogen and fluorine. Describe how they bond.

Their outermost orbits overlap, one electrons from each of their orbits started orbiting both nuclei

FQ: How do valence electrons affect the bonding properties of elements? Video: Electronegativity, Ionization Energy, and Bonding What is ionization energy? An important property with periodic characteristics How does ionization energy determine the bonding behavior of an element?

The difference in first ionization energies

What is electronegativity?

Measures the tendency of an atom to attract electrons

How does electronegativity determine the bonding behavior of an element?

Similar electronegativities- covalent

The greater the difference in their electronegativity values, the more ______ the chemical bond between two atoms.

ionic

Far apart electronegativities- valence

FQ: What shorthand notations are used to illustrate valence electrons?

Why do scientists use noble gas configurations to represent valence electrons?

They are only concerned with an atom’s valence electrons

Using the slide show examples, explain how to create a noble gas notation to represent the valence electrons of an element.

Use the noble gas at the end of the row above the element

FQ: How are Lewis dot structures used to illustrate valence electrons? What is the benefit of using Lewis dot structures to represent valence electrons?

Provides a clue about how an atom will (not) react with other atoms when we discuss chemical reactions and bonding

Using an example from the lesson, show how an electron configuration is converted to a Lewis dot structure.

Using the number of valence electrons, place dots clockwise

Be sure to record any extra helpful notes, vocabulary terms, and practice sample problems....