03 02 journal - 3.02 PDF

Preview

Summary

3.02...

Description

Chemistry Journal 3.02 Ionic Bonding Driving Question: How do electrostatic forces influence ionic bonding between elements? Key Ideas and Terms Notes FQ: How do we determine the charge of ions within an ionic bond? electrons Ionic bonds form when one or more ________ are transferred between two atoms. Describe the differences between cations, anions, and neutral atoms.

Cations- positive ions Neutral atoms- protons = electrons

Metals have a ______charge equal to the number of valence electrons they _____.

Positive charge, loose

Nonmetals have a _______ charge equal to the number of electrons they need to ______ to fill their valence shell.

Negative charge, to add

Anions- negative ions

How can you determine an Groups 3-12 don’t have common charges listed in the p.t ion’s charge from its group position on the periodic table? How do ion charges differ for the fourth main group column and the transition metals?

4th- depends on the bond they form with other elements Transition metals- tend to form positive ions

FQ: What factors influence the formation of ionic bonds? Electronegativity and ionization ________ and ________ energy influence the attractive forces between ions that form ionic bonds. Describe how atoms with

t heat om wi t ht hegr eat erel ec t r onegat i v i t yc ant ak eoneormor e

a large difference in electronegativity form ionic bonds.

el ec t r onsf r om t heot herat om

Video: Ionic Bonding 

What causes electronegativity to increase going left to right on the periodic table?

As more protons are added to the nucleus and the electrons are added to the same valence shell



What causes electronegativity to decrease going down a group?

The shielding effect of the inner electrons



Nonmetals have a ____ electronegativity except for the noble gases, which are assigned an electronegativity of _____.

High electronegativity, of zero



Ionic bonds, which involve the transfer of electrons, occur when the difference in electronegativity between two elements exceeds ______ on the Pauling scale.

1.6

Metals tend to _____ electrons and nonmetals tend to ____ electrons to give them full valence shells like a noble gas.

Loose electrons, to gain

Video: Ionization Energy and Ionic Bonding 

How is ionization energy used to predict the charges of ions? Use an example from the video.

Measuring energy



Bonds that have a difference in

From 1.7 to 4.0

electronegativity ranging from ____ to ____ are ionic bonds. 

Any bond with an electronegativity difference of less than ____ is a covalent bond.

Than 1.7

FQ: How do we determine the chemical formulas for ionic compounds? What is a chemical formula? Include an example and label the subscripts.

A formula giving the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a compound

What is a formula unit?

The formula of an ionic compound that represents the simplest whole number ratio of ions in the compound, not the actual number of each ion present in the crystal

What steps should you 1: follow to write a chemical Identify the charge of each of the ions in the compound formula for an ionic compound? oni ccompounds ,t hi scor r espondst ot hel oc at i onsofmet al s 2: Formosti andnonmet al sont heper i odi ct abl e

Write the cation first, followed by the anion 3: Determine the ratio of positive to negative ions needed to make the compound neutral 4: make sure the subscripts represent the lowest whole number for the ionic compound

5:check your work

FQ: How do polyatomic ions create ionic bonds? What are polyatomic ions, and what type of bond holds the elements of a polyatomic ion together?

A charged group of covalently bonded atoms

How do polyatomic ions form ionic bonds with other elements? Provide an example from the lesson.

Because of their attraction to oppositely charged ions

How do you determine the number of atoms of each element in a compound that includes a polyatomic ion enclosed in parentheses?

Multiply the subscript of each individual atom by the subscript outside the parentheses

FQ: How can Lewis dot diagrams be used to model ionic bonding? What are the steps to create Lewis dot diagrams to show bonding?

1: Use lewis dot notation for each atom individual in the bond 2:

(Include one of the examples in the lesson and show diagramming so you can do your own later.)

Use arrows to depict the transfer of electrons in an ionic bond 3: the results with the formation of two ions 4: Both atoms now have complete octets and the electron shells are stable

Be sure to record any extra helpful notes, vocabulary terms, and practice sample problems....