06 B Gizmo Sources Of Energy PDF

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Name: Richard Eaglin

Date: January 13, 2021

Student Exploration: Energy Conversions Vocabulary: chemical energy, electrical current, energy, fossil fuel, global warming, gravitational potential energy, hydroelectricity, kinetic energy, light, nonrenewable resource, nuclear energy, renewable resource, sound, thermal energy

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. What are sources of electricity? List as many as you can. The three major categories of energy for electricity generation are fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum), nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources. Most electricity is generated with steam turbines using fossil fuels, nuclear, biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal energy 2. Where do people and other animals get energy to move around? Food 3.

Where do plants get energy to live and grow? The sun

Gizmo Warm-up In the Energy Conversions Gizmo, be sure Information mode is selected. Click on each of the different items in the scene and read about each one. 1. Which object converts sunlight into sugars? Corn 2. Which object converts wind power to electricity? Wind Turbine

3. Which object converts light to electricity? Solar Panels

4. Which object converts electricity to light? Light Bulbs

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Activity A:

Get the Gizmo ready:

Energy Paths

 Select the Path mode.

Question: Where do we get energy to run, climb, play, and do all the other things we do? 1. Form hypothesis: Where do you think we humans get energy? I think humans get energy form the food we eat. 2. Create a path: You will now form an energy path to see where our energy comes from. A. Click on the person and read. Where do people get energy? Food B. Now click on the chicken. Where does the chicken get energy? Food C. Click on the corn. Where does the corn get energy? From the sun. (through photosynthesis) D. Click on the Sun. How does the Sun get energy? A nuclear reaction in it’s core converting hydrogen to helium. E. Fill in the energy path below starting with the Sun. ____Sun_____ → ____Corn___ → ___Chicken______ → _____Person____

3. Apply: Click Reset and then click on the toaster. Using the Gizmo, create four energy paths to explain how the toaster could get its energy. (One path will only have three objects.) A. Sun_________ → Solar Panels → Toaster B. Sun_______ → Air → Wind Turbine → Toaster C. Sun________ → Corn → Ethanol plant → Toaster D. Sun______ → Water → Dam____ → _. Toaster 4. Analyze: Where does each path begin? The sun 5.

Draw conclusions: What would life on Earth be like without the Sun? There wouldn’t be any life on Earth without the Sun, because the Sun produces energy for plants to grow, then the plants provide us oxygen which humans need to live.

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Activity B:

Get the Gizmo ready:

Energy Conversions

 Click Reset.  Check that Path mode is still selected.

Question: How is energy changed from one form to another? 1. Classify: Energy is the ability to exert force and cause change. Energy has many forms: 

Kinetic energy is energy of motion. All moving things have kinetic energy. o

Sound is energy of vibrating materials or air molecules.

o

Thermal energy is the energy of tiny moving particles. As an object heats up, particles move faster and thermal energy increases.

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Gravitational potential energy is stored energy that exists based on the position of an object. The higher an object is, the greater its gravitational potential energy.

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Electrical current is energy that comes from moving charged particles.

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Light is electromagnetic waves that are visible to the eye.

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Chemical energy is energy that is stored in the bonds holding atoms together.

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Nuclear energy is energy released when atoms split apart or join together.

2. Create path: Create an energy path in the Gizmo, starting at the Sun. For each step of the path, describe the energy conversion that takes place. The first one is done for you. Discuss your answers with your classmates and teacher. Energy Path

Energy conversion Nuclear energy is converted to light and thermal energy.

____Sun_____ Corn absorbs the sunlight to produce sugars and oxygen. _____Corn_______ _Ethanol plant_

Corn is fermented to produce ethanol and give an electrical current.

Stereo

The speaker takes the electrical current and produces sound.

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3. On your own: Create at least two more paths on the Gizmo. List the energy conversions that happen along each path. Record your work on separate paper or in your notebook. Energy Path Energy conversion Nuclear energy is converted to light and thermal energy. ____Sun_____ _____Air_______ Wind Turbines

The sun causes the air to warm up, and pockets of warn air rise and cooler air rushes in, creating wind. Wind turn turbine blades, producing and electrical current

____Light________

The light bulb, picks up the electrical current flow through a thin wire called a filament

Energy Path

Energy conversion Nuclear energy is converted to light and thermal energy.

____Sun_____ _Solar Panels_ _____Toaster_______

Sunlight removes electrons from crystals of silicon. The electrons flow through wires as electrical current. An electrical current flows through coils of wire, causing them to heat up and turn red-hot.

4. Apply: Where in the Gizmo (and in real life) do the following energy conversions occur? Chemical to thermal to electrical current: The sun to ethanol plants to the Toaster Gravitational potential to kinetic to electrical current: Air to Wind Turbine to Light

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Extension: Renewable Energy

Get the Gizmo ready:  Click Reset.  Select the Information mode.

Introduction: Over 80% of our energy comes from the burning of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. Fossil fuels are fairly cheap and plentiful, but there are several problems: 

Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources. That means there is a limited supply. Once the world runs out, there is no way to get more.

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Burning fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the air. Most scientists agree that this causes the gradual warming of Earth’s climate, or global warming.

Question: What types of energy do not harm our environment? 1. Describe: Four examples of renewable resources are featured in the Energy Conversions Gizmo. These resources are produced all the time, so they will not run out. Read about each energy source, and then explain how each is produced in your own words. A. Wind power: Air would make wind turbines move, causing wind power. B. Water power (also called hydroelectricity: Water turns turbine blades that connect to a generator that produces an electrical current. C. Solar power: Solar panels removes electrons from the sun to produce an electrical current D. Ethanol: Corn and other organisms create ethanol, and burning ethanol creates an electrical current. 2. On your own: Learn more about one of these renewable resources using the internet or by reading library books. Explain its advantages and disadvantages to your teacher and class. Wind turbine blades, which are connected to a generator. Inside the generator a look of wire spins in a magnetic field producing electrical currents. Wind turbines are not very popular in the U.S, but they are used commonly in Europe. An advantage of wind turbines is that they produce a clean and independent source of energy. Another advantage is that they are cheap, and they are getting cheaper. A disadvantage is that not every location is suitable for wind turbines. Also, wind turbines are not that popular because of their noise and they aren’t good foe tourism.

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