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NURSINGTBChapter 06: Nursing Research and Evidence-Based PracticeCherry and Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 8thEditionMULTIPLE CHOICE Institutional review boards determine whether research studies involving human subjects will achieve what? a. Publication b. Increase the...

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Contemporary Nursing 8th Edition Cherry Test Bank

Chapter 06: Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Cherry and Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Institutional review boards determine whether research studies involving human subjects will

achieve what? a. Publication b. Increase the body of nursing knowledge c. Avoid causing harm to research subjects d. Funding ANS: C

The institutional review board (also called the human subjects committee) examines research proposals to ensure that the ethical rights of those individuals participating in the research study are protected. This board makes sure that persons who participate in research are assured that their right to privacy, confidentiality, fair treatment, and freedom from harm is protected. DIF: Knowledge 2. A nurse is interested in understanding the meaning of the human experience of surviving

polio. Subject recruitment targets persons who have been diagnosed with the disease. The researcher reflects on the data and identifies common themes to understand the “lived experience.” These characteristics are consistent with which qualitative research method? a. Grounded theory b. Ethnography c. Phenomenology d. Case study ANS: C

Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that uses inductive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants. Grounded theory is designed to explore and describe a social process. Ethnography is a method used to study phenomena from a cultural perspective. A case study is a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time. DIF: Comprehension 3. The implementation of research to guide nursing practice is referred to as what? a. Utilization b. Dissemination c. Generalizability d. Analysis ANS: A

Contemporary Nursing 8th Edition Cherry Test Bank Utilization of research guides nursing practice. Clinical agencies need to make a commitment to implementing research findings and then developing policies and procedures to guide the implementation process. DIF: Comprehension 4. A public health nurse is interested in determining which educational programs are needed in

the aggregates served. The researcher personally interviews individuals who are walking on the streets in the community. What type of research design is this? a. Quasi-experimental b. Survey c. Case study d. Ethnography ANS: B

Survey is a nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of some situation, often through direct questioning of participants. A case study is a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time. Ethnography is a method used to study phenomena from a cultural perspective. In quasi-experimental studies, a control group, randomization, or the manipulation of one or more variables is missing. DIF: Comprehension 5. Which organization provides federal funding for research? a. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) b. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation c. W. K. Kellogg Foundation d. Sigma Theta Tau International ANS: A

Two major sources of funding for nursing research are the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), which are both funded by federal congressional appropriations. Private foundations and nursing organizations, identified in the remaining options, also provide funding for nursing research. DIF: Knowledge 6. Which type of data analysis results in the non-numerical organization of data? a. Descriptive b. Inferential c. Qualitative d. Quantitative ANS: C

Qualitative data analysis results in the organization of words or phrases, not numbers. Interviews are reviewed and are transcribed line by line to group common conceptual meanings. DIF: Comprehension

Contemporary Nursing 8th Edition Cherry Test Bank 7. A nurse researcher who is seeking funding for a study should identify _____ of funding

agencies. a. board members b. priorities c. budgets d. accreditation ANS: B

The priorities of funding agencies indicate their preferences for funding; these are more likely to be funded than are studies that are not aligned with funding preferences. DIF: Comprehension 8. A nurse studied a community to determine if there were clients who would benefit from a

hospice program if one were developed. This is an example of what type of research? a. A survey b. Quasi-experimental c. A needs assessment method d. A pilot study ANS: C

A needs assessment method is a study in which the researcher collects data for estimating the needs of a group; the method is commonly used to prioritize the needs of an organization or community. Survey is a nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of some situation, often through direct questioning of participants. In quasi-experimental studies, a control group, randomization, or the manipulation of one or more variables is missing. Pilot study conducts a smaller version of a proposed study that develops or refines methodology prior to use in a larger study. DIF: Comprehension 9. The research hypothesis is that aromatherapy reduces stress more effectively than does

acupuncture. The researcher does not identify a control group. This study would be a(n) _________ design. a. experimental b. quasi-experimental c. survey d. meta-analysis ANS: B

In quasi-experimental studies, a control group, randomization, or the manipulation of one or more variables is missing. Survey is a nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of some situation, often through direct questioning of participants. Meta-analysis uses the analysis of several research studies to validate smaller studies, allowing generalization. Experimental design includes randomization, a control group, and manipulation between or among variables to examine probability and causality among selected variables for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena. DIF: Comprehension

Contemporary Nursing 8th Edition Cherry Test Bank 10. A qualitative researcher reviews data collected with a grief support group to develop a theory

of how widows and widowers mourn. The researcher is using which qualitative research design? a. Phenomenology b. Grounded theory c. Case study d. Hypothesis generation ANS: B

Grounded theory is a qualitative research approach that describes a social process and has theory generation as its main purpose. A case study is a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time. Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that uses inductive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants. DIF: Comprehension 11. Which statement about qualitative research is correct? a. Qualitative research requires less time than quantitative research because complex

statistical analysis is not necessary. b. To be statistically significant, qualitative studies must consist of large, randomly

selected sample sizes. c. Because qualitative studies deal with human concepts such as suffering and quality

of life, results can be generalized. d. Interviews are the primary means of collecting data that enable the researcher to

describe unclear phenomena. ANS: D

Qualitative research involves ambiguous concepts. Analysis of interviews with participants who are experiencing the phenomena enables the researcher to describe unclear phenomena. DIF: Comprehension 12. A nurse interested in life satisfaction among patients receiving hemodialysis reviews

databases and identifies relevant studies which are then statistically analyzed providing generalization through multiple studies. The nurse researcher is using which type of research? a. Quasi-experimental b. Secondary analysis c. Meta-analysis d. Survey ANS: C

Meta-analysis uses the analysis of several research studies to validate smaller studies, allowing generalization. Secondary analysis involves asking new questions of data collected previously. A survey is a nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of a situation, often through direct questioning of participants. Quasi-experimental is a type of quantitative research study design that lacks one of the components of an experimental design. DIF: Comprehension

Contemporary Nursing 8th Edition Cherry Test Bank 13. A new nurse researcher is interested in tracing the history of nursing research. The researcher

learns that nursing research began with what event? a. The work of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War b. Studies between 1900 and 1940 following Nightingale’s work c. Studies to improve patient care by doctorally prepared nurses d. Studies based on the naturalistic paradigm ANS: A

Nursing research began with the Nightingale during the Crimean War—more can be read in Chapter 1 of this text. DIF: Comprehension 14. Nurses on a busy medical schedule want to reduce documentation time and improve order

entry. Additionally, patient records from previous visits are often incomplete or do not include care from other providers. To improve patient care, a taskforce suggests using an Electronic Medical Record for 1 month to determine whether this provides the desired outcomes. This unit is participating in which type of study? a. Ethnography b. Pilot c. Secondary data analysis d. Phenomenology ANS: B

Pilot studies are small-scale studies often referred to as feasibility studies to determine if a larger more sophisticated research study is needed. Ethnography is a method used to study phenomena from a cultural perspective. Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that uses inductive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants. Secondary analysis involves asking new questions of data collected previously. DIF: Comprehension 15. A researcher is interested in learning if elderly persons perceive their health to be satisfactory

even with comorbidities and chronic illness. A large multisite assistive living facility will be the site. The researcher lists residents in alphabetical order and chooses every third person on the list. To ensure improved generalizability, the researcher will implement what process? a. Triangulation b. Randomization c. Informed consent d. A meta-analysis ANS: B

Randomization is a method of choosing subjects based on chance alone. Triangulation is the use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same concept—in this situation, quantitative research through survey and qualitative research through phenomenology. Meta-analysis uses the analysis of several research studies to validate smaller studies, allowing generalization. Participants must sign an informed consent that explains the study and assures them of their rights, including their right to refuse to participate or to withdraw from the study. DIF: Comprehension

Contemporary Nursing 8th Edition Cherry Test Bank 16. A researcher conducts a survey to determine the perceived health status of elderly persons

living independently at home. The same subjects participate in a telephone call in which they describe the lived experience of living with chronic illness. When writing up the research study, the nurse would describe using what research method? a. Control group b. Triangulation c. Pilot study d. Secondary data analysis ANS: B

Triangulation is the use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same concept—in this situation, quantitative research through survey and qualitative research through phenomenology. Secondary analysis involves asking new questions of data collected previously. Pilot study conducts a smaller version of a proposed study that develops or refines methodology prior to use in a larger study. Control group are subjects in an experiment who do not receive the experimental treatment and whose performance provides a baseline against which the effects of the treatment can be measured. DIF: Comprehension 17. A nurse is interested in learning how reminiscence therapy can improve memory in

cognitively intact persons over the age of 65 years. Findings from three groups are compared. Group 1 receives music therapy, Group 2 receives life review therapy, and Group 3 does not receive therapy, but data are collected from all three groups and compared. Group 3 is known as what? a. Pilot study b. Survey c. Needs assessment d. Control group ANS: D

A control group is a set subject in an experiment who do not receive the experimental treatment and whose performance provides a baseline against which the effects of the treatment can be measured. Survey is a nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of some situation, often through direct questioning of participants. Pilot study conducts a smaller version of a proposed study that develops or refines methodology prior to use in a larger study. Needs assessments are used to determine what is most beneficial to aggregates. DIF: Comprehension 18. A nurse is reading an abstract about a study related to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. The

purpose is stated as follows: “To examine the generalizability of two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials in patients with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever to determine whether steroid therapy resulted in the positive outcomes.” The nurse knows generalizability refers to what outcome? a. The conclusion that findings can be generalized from the sample to the entire population b. The fact that the group of steroids used is from the same organic compounds c. The possibility that the subjects were carefully selected and that outside influence is thus suspected

Contemporary Nursing 8th Edition Cherry Test Bank d. The fact that the type of bacteria carried by ticks is universal ANS: A

Generalizability is the deduction that findings from one study can be applied to other populations not involved in the actual research. DIF: Comprehension 19. A nurse is interested in studying the rituals of a tribe living in remote areas of Africa. The

researcher is accepted into the tribe and observes firsthand the rituals practiced. Themes were analyzed to arrive at a description of the culture including rituals. The nurse is practicing which type of research? a. Qualitative, ethnography b. Qualitative, phenomenology c. Quantitative, quasi-experimental d. Quantitative, secondary data analysis ANS: A

Ethnography is a method used to study phenomena from a cultural perspective. Ethnographers spend time in the cultural setting with the research participants to observe and better understand their experience. Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that uses inductive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants. In quasi-experimental studies, a control group, randomization, or the manipulation of one or more variables is missing. Secondary analysis involves asking new questions of data collected previously. DIF: Comprehension MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. The informed consent documents must include what components? (Select all that apply.) a. An explanation of potential risks and benefits to participants in the study b. Medical terminology rather than lay terms to prevent misunderstanding of the

study c. A statement on how the anonymity and confidentiality of participants are protected d. Explanation of the cost of the study e. Details on how to contact the investigator ANS: A, C, E

Informed consent explains the study to the participants and assures them of their rights, including their right to refuse to participate or to withdraw from the study. The informed consent must include protection of anonymity and confidentiality, voluntary participation, compensation, and alternative treatment. The informed consent must include specific information on how to contact the investigator. DIF: Comprehension 2. A researcher is interested in quality of life and after an extensive literature review

quantitatively integrates data from identified studies and describes the findings. This researcher is using which approach? (Select all that apply.) a. Survey

Contemporary Nursing 8th Edition Cherry Test Bank b. c. d. e.

Triangulation Meta-analysis State of the science summary Quasi-experimental design

ANS: C, D

Meta-analysis is an advanced process whereby multiple research studies on a specific topic are reviewed, and the findings of these multiple studies are statistically analyzed. State of the science summary is a merging of findings from several studies that explored the same topic. In quasi-experimental studies, a control group, randomization, or the manipulation of one or more variables is missing. Survey is a nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of some situation, often through direct questioning of participants. Triangulation is the use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same concept—in this situation, quantitative research through survey and qualitative research through phenomenology. DIF: Comprehension 3. A researcher seeks funding from an agency that limits studies to quantitative research. The

researcher can select from which of the following study designs? (Select all that apply.) Survey Grounded theory Phenomenology Needs assessment Experimental

a. b. c. d. e.

ANS: A, D, E

Surveys collect demographics, social characteristics, behavioral patterns, and information bases. Needs assessments are used to determine what is most beneficial to aggregates. The experimental method establishes cause-and-effect relationships while also testing relationships. Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that uses inductive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants. Grounded theory is designed to explore and describe a social process. Experimental is a design that includes randomization, a control group, and manipulation between or among variables to examine probability and causality among selected variables for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena. DIF: Comprehension COMPLETION 1. Development and validation of the body of knowledge and foundation on which practice is

based is called ____________. ANS:

research Research refines and enhances new and existing knowledge and provides accountability for nursing practice.

Contemporary Nursing 8th Edition Cherry Test Bank DIF: Knowledge...