10-23 Notes PDF

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BIOL 4461 – Biochemistry 10/23 Class Notes Glycolysis rap video

Enzymes

Substrate

Products

Hexokinase

Glucose

Pyruvate

Phosphofructokinase

ADP

2 ATP

Pyruvate kinase

NAD+

2 NADH

Gluconeogenesis

*G-6-Phosphate

G-6-P

Glucose

Anaerobic

Lactase

Pyruvate

Lactate

Respiration

dehydrogenase

NADH

NAD+

Glycolysis

Glycogen Synthesis (Glycogenogenesis) -

Highly branched glucose molecules

-

Alpha 1,4 – links monomer as a glucose

-

Alpha 1,6 branches off of that

Lactate – conjugate base of lactic acid (deprotonated form) Lactose – sugar, disaccharides Lactase – enzyme that breaks it down

If pKa < pH = deprotonated If pKa > pH = protonated

Why Store Glucose? -

Liver needs a store of glucose for rapid release of glucose to maintain blood glucose levels

Glycogen -

Stored in the cytosol of the liver & muscle cells

BIOL 4461 – Biochemistry 10/23 Class Notes -

Linked by Alpha 1,4 and 1,6

Glycogemn – protein in the middle – enzyme that is responsible for building up glycogen into these structures Glycogen Synthesis 

The starting sugar is G-6-P which is converted to G-1-P – reaction catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase



Phosphate is added to the 1 position and then another one is removed from the C6 position by one enzyme



This reaction is priming this molecule for the next steps by generating a high-energy substrate that can be used down the line

Worksheet Page 51 1. NAD+ 2. Near equilibrium...