[11] Muscular System Axial and Appendicular PDF

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These notes cover both in class and textbook information on the entire axial muscular and appendicular system required for anatomy and physiology for nursing...

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Chapter 11 - The Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular 1. Axial vs Appendicular Muscles a. Axial Muscles have both their attachments on parts of the axial skeleton. These muscles do the following: i. Support and move the head and vertebral column ii. Function in nonverbal communication by affecting facial features iii. Move the mandible during chewing iv. Assist in food processing and swallowing v. Aid in breathing vi. Support and protect the abdominal and pelvic organs. b. Appendicular Muscles are organized into groups based on their location in the body and the part of the skeleton they move. These muscles do the following: i. Control the movement of the upper and lower limbs ii. Stabilize and control the movements of the pelvic and pectoral girdles 2. The ends of a muscle have 3 connective tissue layers that merge to form a fibrous tendon. a. Epimysium, Perimysium, and Endomysium b. Sometimes these tendons form a thin, flattened sheet called an aponeurosis 3. Skeletal muscles almost always cross a mobile joint in the body. Typically, one bone moves while the other stays fixed during contraction. a. Axial muscles are named using the terms superior attachment and inferior attachment, while the Appendicular muscles are named using the terms proximal attachment and distal attachment. i. Often, the superior attachment is the more mobile bone.This leaves the inferior attachment to be the fixed or less mobile bone of the joint. 4. Bundles of muscle fibers, fascicles, lie parallel to each other within each muscle. There are 4 different patterns of fascicle arrangements: a. Circular Muscle i....