16th Century Art in Northern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula (1500-1599) PDF

Preview

Summary

This is a review of the study in art in 16th century in northern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. Vocabulary include chateaux, graphic arts, grisaille, and still life. Locations include Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, and England. History and Major events include two most important r...

Description

16th Century in Northern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula Vocabulary: o Chateaux: A French country house or residential castle. A chateau fort is a military castle incorporating defensive works such as towers and battlements. o Graphic Arts: A term referring to those arts that are drawn or painted and that utilize paper as the primary support. Locations: o Germany o France o Spain

o

o

o o o

Grisaille: A style of monochromic painting in shades of grey. Also: a painting made in this style. Still Life: Paintings of inanimate objects

Portugal Netherlands England

Brief History/Major Events: o Two most important reformers: Catholic priests and trained theologians named Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam in Holland and Martian Luther in Germany. o As the pope’s supremacy was challenged by the church, the Protestants decided that they had to break away from Rome. o Martin Luther was condemned by the Roman Catholic Church in 1521. o Increase of literacy and use of the printing press guided the reformers and allowed scholars in Europe to debate about religion. o Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire was leading the Catholic Church. o War broke out between religions from 1546 to 1555. o Charles V, in 1556, retired to a monestary in Spain, where he died in 1558. His son, Phillip II inherited Habsurg Spain and the Spanish colonies, while his brother, Ferdinand, led the Austrian branch of the dynasty. o Artists found a dead end of their careers because of their reformist religious sympathies. o Widespread destruction of religious art in Europe. o Due to the loss of patronage for religious art in the newly Protestant lands, many artists turned to portiture and other secular subjects, including moralizing depictions of human folly and weakness, still life, and landscape. o Queen Elizabeth I carefully controlled the way artists represented her in official portraits and was known to have imprisoned artists whose unofficial images did not meet with her approval. Art Styles and Characteristics: o Northern Renaissance Style: medieval mysticism, emotional spirituality, extraordinary moving paintings, intense observation of the world to render lifelike representations of nature, mathematical perspective to create convincing illusions of space, reasoned canon of proportions to standardize depictions of the human figure. o Romanizing style: inspired by Italian Mannerist paintings and decorative details from ancient Roman art. Artists and their Artworks:  Germany o Tilman Riemenschneider  Altarpiece of the Holy Blood

o o

o

o o o 







France o

Nickolaus Hagenauer  Isehheim Altarpiece Matthias Grunewald  Collab with Hagenaur on Isenheim Altarpiece  Closed and first opening works on the isenheim Altarpiece. Albert Durer  The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse  Adam and Eve  Four Apostles  Self-Portrait Lucas Cranch the Elder  Nympth of the Spring Hans Baldung Grien  Death and the Matron Albrecht Altdorfer  Danube Landscape

Jean Clouset  Francis I o Fontainebleau Primaticcio  Stuccon and Wall Painting, Chamber of the Duchess of Etampes, Chateau of Fontainebleau o Pierre Lescot and Jean Goujon  West Wing of the Cour Carree, Palais Du Loure, Paris Spain and Portugal o Diogo de Arruda  West Window, Church in the Convent of Christ, Tomar o Jean Bautisa de Toledo and Juan de Herraera  The Escorial o El Greco  Burial of Court Orgaz Netherlands o Heironymus Bosch  Garden of Earthly Delights (open and closed pieces) o Jan Gossaert  St. Luke Drawing the Virgin Mary o Quentin Massys  Money Changer and His Wife o Caterina van Hemessen  Self-Portrait o Pieter Bruegel the Elder  Return of the Hunters  The Harvesters o Hans Holbein the younger  The French Ambassadors England o Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger  Queen Elizabeth I (The Ditchley Portrait) o Nicholas Hillard  George Clifford, Third Earl of Cumberland

o o

Jacob Halder  Armor of George Clifford, Third Earl of Cumberland Robert Smythson  Hardwick Hall  High Great Chamber, Hardwick Hall...