2016 0217 - Lecture notes PDF

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Social Cognition Biases:  Small sample errors (vivid cases)  Underuse base rate information  Availability heuristic  Representativeness heuristic  Overconfidence Attribution Dimensions Internal (person) External (environment) Stable Personality, traits Reoccurring situation Unstable Mood, motivation Unpredictable situation  When talking about other people, we tend to make internal attributions for them, and we are less likely to do that for ourselves Attribution Theories: 1. Heider’s Levels of Responsibility a. Association—are they even associated with the activity? i. You have to be able to link this specific person to this specific action b. Causation c. Forseeability—could this person have foreseen the consequences of this behavior? i. Ex: If it wasn’t an accident, you’re more likely to be angrier and make a more intense internal attribution for that person d. Intentionality—once they realized what might happen, are they going to do the action anyway even knowing the consequences? i. Knew the consequences, did it anyway e. Justifiability—are there mitigating circumstances that would lessen your likelihood of making strong internal attributions?  Something about them (something internal) caused them to do this action 2. Correspondent Inference Theory— correspondent inference is trying to equate something they did with something about their personality that corresponds a. Common effects: similar across the choices b. Non-common effects: unique about the choices c. We’re better able to make internal attribution about someone’s behavior if the thing that they chose has a unique non-common effect d. Personalism: the behavior is directed at you i. More likely to make internal attribution about the other person ii. Ex: if you see a cop giving someone else a ticket vs. if you get a ticket e. Hedonism: behaviors that cause you pleasure or pain are going to be more likely to make you make internal attributions i. Even if it’s not directed at you  We know they did this, but they could have this—why did they take that particular course of action? 3. Kelley’s Cube: 3 dimensions contribute to how strong an internal attribution is a. Consensus (social desirability) i. The one kid in a huge lecture who is ALWAYS late, but nobody ever shows up late—it must be something about them vs. if everyone one day was late (oh there must have been a situational, external reason) ii. How is this person’s behavior relative to other peoples behaviors iii. If someone’s actions are different in a NON socially desirable way, people are much more likely to make internal attributions

b. Consistency: do we often see the person in this situation consistently? c. Distinctiveness: how they behave across similar situations...