2020 Biology HSC Prevention-Notes PDF

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2020 Biology HSC Prevention-Notes...

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Prevention Prevention of disease is always a much better than treatment, for obvious reasons I’m not going to say here because you shouldn’t be doing biology if you don’t know why.

Educational programs and campaigns Educational programs and campaigns use strategies to provide information and educate the population about the effects of a disease and the risk factors that increase the chance of developing that disease. A successful public health campaign has a number of key components - An evidence base for action - A package of a limited number of high priority evidence-based interventions - Effective performance management with real-time monitoring, evaluation and program improvement - Partnerships between the public and private sectors - Communication of accurate information to healthcare workers and the public - Political commitment Legislation Diseases place a strain on the health system and economic development, and affects the wellbeing of many individuals in a population. Governments introduce legislation to minimise these risk factors in the population. This legislation could be in a number of forms; it could increase tax, banning advertising, sponsorship, etc. Examples of legislation include: - A ban on all tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship - A ban on smoking in the workplace and public places - Plain paper packaging of cigarettes, containing pictorial, graphic warnings and no logos, colours, brand images or promotional information - An increase in taxes on tobacco products

Genetic engineering Genetic engineering techniques used in processes such as pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) can prevent genetic disease, while the use of transgenic crops as food sources has the potential to prevent some types of nutritional disease. Genetic engineering can be used to prevent non-infectious disease/disorders but there are ethical issues associated with its use that need to be addressed. Preimplantation Genetic Testing involves testing 3-day old embryos for specific gene mutations associated with a known disease/disorder before implantation. Transgenic crops are being developed to prevent nutritional disease, such as genetically modified golden rice with vitamin A in underdeveloped countries. GWAS can be used to detect a predisposition to non-infectious disease with a genetic basis. Planning and policies can be put in place to try to prevent the incidence of the disease....