380470178 NS RW4 AK PDF

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1 NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

Answer Key

UNIT 1

4. Other people probably assume that Daniel’s relationship to numbers is strange. 5. Other people might expect Daniel to be able to follow a schedule.

VOCABULARY 2, page 5 1. estimate 2. compensate 3. retain 4. anxious 5. flexible 6. disabled

7. predictable 8. interaction 9. sum 10. savant 11. benefit 12. image

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 9 1. b 4. c 2. c 5. b 3. a 6. b DETAILS, page 10 MATH 1. ability 2. ability 3. disability 4. disability LANGUAGE 1. ability 2. ability 3. ability MEMORY 1. ability 2. ability SOCIAL INTERACTION 1. disability 2. disability 3. disability NEED FOR ORDER 1. disability 2. disability

MAKE INFERENCES, page 11 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 1. Others didn’t think that Daniel was a normal person. They viewed him as some sort of oddity. 2. Others think that only people who are handicapped or have disabilities are different. 3. Other people probably think that numbers cannot be your friends since they are not alive.

COMPREHENSION, page 14 1. According to Gladwell, achievement is talent plus preparation. Preparation seems to play a bigger role. 2. The Beatles were different from most other bands because they worked harder and had more preparation. 3. Daniel Levitin says about success that 10,000 hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert in anything. 4. Levitin believes success takes so long to achieve because it seems it takes the brain this long to assimilate all that it needs to know to achieve true mastery.

READING SKILL 2, pages 15-16 1. “I memorised pi to 22,514 decimal places, and I am technically disabled. I just wanted to show people that disability needn’t get in the way.” 2. “There’s too much mental stimulus. I have to look at every shape and texture. Every price, and every arrangement of fruit and vegetables. So instead of thinking,’What cheese do I want this week?’, I’m just really uncomfortable.” 3. “We shared so much - our love of key dates from history, for instance. And our love of books. As a child, I regularly took over a room in the house and started my own lending library. I would separate out fiction and non-fiction, and then alphabetise them all. I even introduced a ticketing system. I love books so much. I’ve read more books than anyone else I know. So I was delighted when Kim wanted to meet in a library.” “He is such a lovely man,” “Kim says, ‘You don’t have to be handicapped to be different everybody’s different’. And he’s right.” 4. “When I looked at the numbers I ‘saw’ images. It felt like a place I could go where I really belonged.”

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2 NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

Answer Key

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 16 R1: 1 (paragraph 4), 7 (paragraphs 7-8), 2 (paragraph 1) Both: 5 (R1, paragraph 4; R2, paragraph 4) R2: 3 (paragraph 3), 4 (paragraph 9), 6 (paragraphs 5 & 13) REVIEW, page 17 1. interaction 7. benefit 2. assimilate 8. emerging 3. savant 9. anxious 4. transform 10. compensate 5. predictable 11. disabled 6. expertise Bonus Word: persistence

1, page 18 NOUN prediction estimate sum anxiety savant flexibility interaction transformation

VERB predict estimate sum X X flex interact transform

retainment benefit disability 1. expertise 2. expert assimilation emergence persistence compensation

retain benefit disable X assimilate emerge persist compensate

2, pages 18-19 1. transformative 2. flexibility 3. predictable 4. persist 5. expertise

ADJECTIVE predictable estimated X anxious X flexible interactive transformable transformative transformed retainable beneficial disabled expert

ADVERB predictably X X

assimilated emerging persistent

X X persistently X

X flexibly interactively X

X X X expertly

6. anxiety 7. estimate 8. compensation / interaction 9. emerge

CREATE, pages 19-20 Suggested answers: 1. Because I know Daniel Tammet well, how he will react in certain situations is very predictable. 2. Many people who suffer from ASD are not flexible. 3. According to Gladwell it requires at least 10,000 hours to transform talent into expertise. 4. A lack of structure can make Daniel Tamett anxious.

5. Social interaction is difficult for many people with ASD. 6. Scans of the brains of autistic savants suggest the right hemisphere might compensate for damage to the left. 7. Autistic savants can usually retain large amounts of information without a problem. 8. Daniel Tamett memorized pi to 22,514 decimal places to show people that, although he technically has a disability, it doesn’t stop him from being successful.

GRAMMAR 1, page 21 1. likelihood 2. speculation 3. necessity 2, page 23 1. b 5. d 2. e 6. b 3. a 7. c 4. c 8. d 3, page 24 1. 1. has got to 2. must not 3. must 4. might

9. e 10. a

5. should 6. is able to 7. ought to 8. should not

2. 1. ought to 2. have to 3. can’t 4. must WRITE 1, page 27 1. Autistic savants 2. Autistic savants have specific abilities or skills and they have certain limitations in other areas of life. 3. All sentences relate to the ideas in the topic sentence. 2, pages 28-29 1. b 2. a 3. c

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3 NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

3, pages 29-30 Suggested answers. Answers will vary: 1. Mozart was considered a genius because of his many musical talents and abilities. 2. Scientists are interested in the roles that nature and nurture each play in development. 3. Malcolm Gladwell has written another nonfiction bestseller, Outliers. REVISE 1, page 31 1. F 5. F 2. F 6. F 3. F 7. F 4. C 8. C

4. defeated 5. yearned for 6. tormented

10. hopelessness 11. dilapidated

PREVIEW, page 38 1. He is in New York. 2. Suggested answer: Even though he was the teacher, his students taught him a lot about the world—and himself. 3. Suggested answer: He had a successful teaching career. MAIN IDEAS

2, page 31 Suggested answers. Answers will vary: 1. Autistic savants have many extraordinary skills and abilities. 2. Gladwell has written an interesting book, which emphasizes the importance of hard work in achieving success. 3. Before Daniel received his counting book when he was 4 years old, he had shown no interest in mathematics. 5. Because Dr. Levitin says that at least 10,000 hours of practice are needed to achieve success, many people never reach success. 6. The book that Kim Peek was reading the day before he met Daniel Tammet at the Library in Salt Lake City was about autistic savants throughout history. 7. Many competitors prepare by practicing as much as ten hours a day before the math competition. UNIT 2

VOCABULARY 2, page 37 1. His parents had no money. His father abandoned the family. There was not enough food. They had a small, old house. 2. He enjoyed reading. 3. He was ashamed of his past. 3, page 37 1. misery 2. meager 3. shame

Answer Key

7. sordid 8. poverty 9. abandonment

2, page 41 1970: Frank McCourt begins teaching at Seward Park High School. 1981: Frank McCourt’s mother dies. 1994: Frank McCourt begins to write his book. 1996: Angela’s Ashes hits the bookstores. 1997: Angela’s Ashes receives the Pulitzer Prize. DETAILS, page 42 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: Event: Frank The McCourt’s wanted McCourt’s family a better life, so they returned to Ireland. returned to Ireland. Their life was still very hard. Three children died. The family remained very poor and very hungry. 1949 Event: Frank Frank McCourt was 19 McCourt returned to years old. He wanted the United States. to start a new life. 1970 Event: Frank He began teaching McCourt began and using his past to teaching at Seward connect with his Park High School. students. His students loved his stories, and as he told his stories he realized how his past affected him. 1981 Event: Frank After his mother died, McCourt’s mother he realized he had no dies. excuses not to write his memoirs. While his mother was alive, McCourt chose not to write about his childhood out of respect for his mother.

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4 NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

1994 Event: Frank McCourt began to write his book.

1996 Event: Angela’s Ashes hit the bookstores.

1997 Event: Angela’s Ashes received the Pulitzer Prize.

He struggled to write his memoirs. It was very difficult at first. He had to dig deep into his past. Frank McCourt finally finished his memoirs and named it Angela’s Ashes. Within weeks, it became a bestseller. Because the book was so good, it won a major award, the Pulitzer Prize. Frank McCourt became famous.

MAKE INFERENCES, pages 43-44 1. confront him with criticism 2. make a connection 3. produced a large amount [of pages] without much thought 4. turned pages, but only looked at them briefly and not carefully 5. went crazy 6. obtaining the reward 7. became aware of slowly 8. work hard and not take the easy way 9. don’t copy other people’s ideas 10. equal

COMPREHENSION, page 47 Cross out: 1. c 4. a 2. b 5. c 3. c READING SKILL 2, pages 48-19 1. indistinct shapes 2. given 3. complete 4. felt free

Answer Key

5. mercy 6. extremely difficult 7. someone else’s fault

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 49 FRANK MCCOURT (R1) 1. poverty, abandonment, having to move from country to country, lack of education, shame 2. mother, students 3. humor, reading, writing 4. writing, teaching

MARLA RUNYAN (R2) 1. blindness, doing schoolwork 2. mother 3. self-reliance, pride, feeling accountable for her success, not asking for special treatment 4. teaching, public speaking, coaching, writing, becoming an athlete

REVIEW, page 50 Suggested answers: FACING AN DEALING OBSTACLE WITH AN OBSTACLE confused expectations darkest inquisitiveness defeated laborious disability self-reliance give up struggle hopelessness yearning for misery accountable mortified suffer

EXPAND, pages 50-51 1. synonym / c 2. antonym / a 3. antonym / b 4. antonym / b 5. synonym / a

OVERCOMING AN OBSTACLE defeated exalted free paradise pride

6. synonym / c 7. antonym / b 8. antonym / a 9. synonym / c

GRAMMAR 1, page 52 1. teaching 2. writing about his childhood 3. reading 4. the base form of the verb + ing 5. to give up 6. New York University, to enroll 7. to write 8. to inspire 9. to + the base form of the verb 2, page 53 a. Doing, 1 b. to run 6 c. not going, 2 d. to compete, 5 e. to describe, 4c

f. to be defined, 4a g. to write, 5 h. Recounting, 1 i. writing,3 j. to write, 4b

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5 NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

Answer Key

3, page 54 Suggested answers: 1. After his mother died, McCourt felt free to write his memoirs. 2. Marla needs to train many months for a marathon. 3. McCourt persuades New York University to allow him to go there. 4. Marla enjoys inspiring others. 5. McCourt worried about telling his students that he hadn’t gone to high school. 6. The boy’s mother decided to let him skateboard. 7. McCourt urged his students to write. 8. It is hard for Marla to see the words on a computer screen. 9. McCourt recalled living in Limerick. 10. Marla was able to graduate from the University of San Diego with a Master’s degree.

REVISE 1, page 58 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. b 2, pages 58-59 1. Cross out: Her mother could her and speak. Explanation: The sentence forces on her mother’s abilities, not Helen’s frustrations. 2. Cross out: In addition, Marla has become a bestselling author. Explanation: This sentence does not focus on how sports liberated them. 3. Cross out: Furthermore, he lives in England. Explanation: The sentence focuses on where Steven Hawking lives, not on overcoming obstacles.

WRITE UNIT 3 1, pages 56-57 Suggested answers 1. Overcoming obstacles is the topic. It is in the first and third sentences. 2. The world is full of people who have overcome obstacles and benefited from overcoming them. 3. Underline: For example, Greg Barton, the 1984, 1988, and 1992 U.S. Olympic medalist in kayaking, was born with a serious disability. He had club feet, his toes pointed inward, and as a result, he could not walk easily. Even after a series of operations, he still had limited mobility. Even so, Greg was never defeated. First, he taught himself to walk, and even to run. Then, he competed on his high school running team. He knew, though, he would never become an Olympic runner, so he looked for other sports that he could play. Happily, he discovered kayaking, a perfect sport for him because it required minimal leg and foot muscles. Using his upper body strength, he was able to master the sport. Finally, after many years of training and perseverance, Greg made the 1984 Olympic team. These sentences tell how Greg Barton overcame his obstacles and benefited by overcoming them. 4. The concluding sentence is: In short, even though that road was paved with obstacles, he was able to overcome them and achieve the impossible. It summarizes the paragraph.

VOCABULARY 2, page 65 1. risk factor 2. impact 3. potential 4. environment 5. interaction 6. aspects

7. consensus 8. advocate 9. interpreting 10. reliable 11. linked 12. revolutionized

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 70 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: POSITIVE NEGATIVE I. Can revolutionize I. Emotional and Medicine Physical Impact a. can prevent a. Positive result diseases rather than can be shattering for just treat them patient and family. b. quality of life is b. Positive result better can lead to risky, unhealthy decisions. II. Information is II. Invasion of Privacy empowering for patient a. may threaten a. can change employment and lifestyle insurance b. can choose appropriate treatment plan

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6 NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

Answer Key

III. Results are not always reliable IV. Professional interpretation is not required a.Patient may interpret test results incorrectly. b. There are other risk factors in addition to genes.

DETAILS, pages 70-71 1. h 5. b 9. g 2. k 6. j 10. i 3. e 7. d 11. f 4. a 8. c

MAKE INFERENCES, pages 71-72 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: Nate, Kristen’s brother: Neutral Kristen’s father: Very Strong Brenda Finucane: Neutral Robert Green: Strong Betsy Bank Saul: Weak Ardis Dee Hoven: Strong David Agus: Very Strong COMPREHENSION, page 74 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. He was diagnosed with a very serious form of arthritis. He decided to fight the disease. 2. If negative emotions bring negative changes to the body, positive emotions should bring positive changes. Laughter has a positive therapeutic value. 3. Watching funny movies and reading funny books are examples of laugh therapy. 4. He was able to overcome his disease. READING SKILL 2, page 75 Sometime before the summer of 1964: Cousins read the work of organic chemist Hans Selye, The Stress of Life Summer 1964: Cousins becomes ill Later in the summer of 1964: Cousins was diagnosed with a severe form of arthritis and started his Laughter Therapy program 8 days later: Cousins’ pain decreased, he was able to sleep better, and his body chemistry improved.

A few months later: Cousins was able to walk using a brace Soon after that: Cousins was able to return to work A few years later: Cousins reached full recovery 1990: Cousins died STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 76 Genetic Testing (R1): expensive, used in a response to potential or existing illness, based on a cutting edge science, used to prevent and treat, provides information about the body, results are difficult to interpret and can be easily misinterpreted, results may involve family members Both new technique, medical choice, does not have to involve a doctor, is becoming part of standard medical care Laughter Therapy (R2): little cost, used in response to existing illness, based on Cousins’ reading about mind-body interaction, used as treatment only, changes body chemistry, results are easy to interpret, results involve the patient only

REVIEW, pages 77-78 1. revolutionize 2. advocates 3. potential 4. risk factors 5. impact 6. skeptical 7. reliable

8. consult 9. linked 10. environment 11. interaction 12. consensus 13. alternative 14. conventional

EXPAND 1, page 78 1. S 6. S 2. D 7. D 3. D 8. S 4. D 9. S 5. S 10. D 2, pages 78-79 1. impact 2. interpret 3. treatment 4. disagreement

11. S 12. D 13. S 14. S 15. S

5. alternative 6. elicit 7. diagnosis

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7 NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

Answer Key

2, page 86 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: THREE PARTS OF NOTES AN ESSAY

GRAMMAR 1, pages 79-80 1. T / F 2. T / T 3. F / T 2, pages 81-82 1. F / F 2. F / F 3. F / T 4. T / F

I. Introduction 5. T / T 6. F / T 7. T / T 8. F / F

3, page 82 1. If she hadn’t chosen the correct treatment plan, she might not have felt better. 2. If Kristen Powers hadn’t always wanted all the information available, she wouldn’t have chosen to be genetically tested. 3. If Norman Cousins hadn’t read The Stress of Life by Hans Seyle, he wouldn’t have had some ideas about the mind-body connection when he was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. 4. If Norman Cousins hadn’t been sick, He wouldn’t have tried to cure himself by using Laughter Therapy. OR If Norman Cousins hadn’t tried to cure himself by using Laughter Therapy, he wouldn’t have made a complete recovery. 5. If David Agus hadn’t had a genetic test, he wouldn’t have found out that he was at risk for cardiovascular disease. OR If David Agus hadn’t had a genetic test and found out that he was at risk for cardiovascular disease, his children wouldn’t have made him change his diet. 6. If Kristen’s mom hadn’t contacted her biological father, she might not have learned that Huntington’s disease ran in their family. 7. If Norman Cousins had been satisfied with his doctor’s treatment plan, he wouldn’t have developed his own Laughter Therapy treatment PREPARE TO WRITE, page 83 KNOWLEDGE IS POWER Change lifestyle Consider different treatments PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS Positive test results may cause feelings of doom MISINTERPRETATION OF RESULTS Without consultation with doctor, patient may make incorrect decisions

Thesis Statement: From this personal perspective, I believe that home genetic testing should be much more strictly regulated, if not prohibited all together. II. Body Paragraph 1 Topic: Devastating effects of home genetic testing

Body Paragraph 2 Topic: Genetic test results are not infallible nor definitive

I. Background Information: Grandparents suffering from Huntington’s disease Well educated with Master’s degree in biology

II. Body Paragraph 1 Support/Evidence: Co-workers experience -Without professional interpretation led to feelings of impending tragedy -Retesting by doctor led to correct medication and lifestyle changes Body Paragraph 2 Support/Evidence: -Genetic testing is in its infancy and even professionals don’t understand interaction between genes -False positives -False negatives -Environmental factors are not taken into account

III. Conclusion Restate the Thesis: If we, as a s...