4Hs and 4Ts - 4Hs and 4Ts PDF

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4Hs and 4Ts...

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4Hs and 4Ts Hypoxia Absence of oxygen in the tissues to sustain body functions. Leads to organ failure Hypovolaemia Loss of fluid in the body caused by haemorrhage. Reduced intramuscular volume. Hyper/hypokalaemia/metabolic disorders Level of potassium. Symptoms include vomiting diarrhoea, heart palpitations Hypothermia/Hyperthermia Loss and gain body heat Tension pneumothorax Build-up of air within the pleural space due to lung laceration and allowing air to escape Tamponade Compression of the heart caused by fluid collecting in the sac surrounding the heart Toxins Self-poisoning causing airway obstruction and respiratory arrest Thrombosis (Pulmonary/coronary) Blood clot, obstructing blood flow through the system

Medications Diltiazem Hypertension Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and rapid ventricular rates in atrial flutter and fibrillation Inhibits transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of excitationcontraction coupling and subsequent contraction.

Monitor BP and pulse, cap refill Monitor ECG periodically during prolonged therapy Monitor urine intake and output Daily weight Assess for peripheral oedema, crackles

Warfarin Anticoagulant Prophylaxis and treatment of: Venous thrombosis, Pulmonary embolism, Atrial fibrillation with embolization. Management of myocardial infarction: Decreases risk of death, Decreases risk of subsequent MI, Decreases risk of future thromboembolic events. Prevention of thrombus formation and embolization after prosthetic valve placement.

Monitor for any pressure injury or bruising

Esomeprazole Class: Hyperacidity, reflux and ulcers Use: GORD relief, relapse prevention in reflux esophagitis.

Inspect skin for rash, dryness Assess neurological Inspect and palpate abdomen to determine changes in bowel elimination to GI upset

Sertraline Class: Antidepressant Use: SSRI, major depression

Monitor mood changes and weight Monitor liver and renal function

Rosuvastatin Class: Hypolipidemic agent Use: HMC-CoA reductase inhibitor. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia

Monitor for neurological status Assess for any rash Monitor ECG

ECG reading...