5011 Federal Constitutional Law Reading Guide S1 2022 PDF

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LAWSFEDERALCONSTITUTIONAL LAWSemester One, 2022Reading GuideTHE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY LAW SCHOOLsydney.edu/lawSection 113P Copyright Act 1968 Warning NoticeWARNINGThis material has been reproduced and communicated toyou by or on behalf of the University of Sydney inaccordance with section 113P of the...

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LAWS5011

FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Semester One, 2022

Reading Guide

THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY LAW SCHOOL sydney.edu.au/law

Section 113P Copyright Act 1968 Warning Notice

WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the University of Sydney in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968. The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act and other applicable laws. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under those laws. Do not remove this notice

Students should note that the selling or purchase of lecture notes, Unit Outlines, teaching materials, and downloading of lecture recordings without permission, infringes this copyright.

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This document contains unit of study specific information. It must be read in conjunction with the Sydney Curriculum Unit of Study Outline, the Canvas site for your unit of study and the Student Portal webpage. Students should also ensure they consult the University website for up to date policy information.

The Student Portal page is intended to direct you to relevant resources for your course (LLB, JD or PG), answer frequently asked questions from currently enrolled students and to direct you to the appropriate information resources. It is not intended as a complete guide to all policies and procedures, and you should always consult the University of Sydney Law School or University website for detailed information. The Student Portal includes links to information on such topics as:              

Timetables; Course structures; Academic integrity; Canvas/LMS; Withdrawing from a unit of study; Special consideration; Simple extensions; Style guide and referencing; Student support services, including disability support; Form for requesting permission for a unit of study; Opportunities (offshore units, exchange, social justice, mooting, internships and more); Receiving feedback; Attendance requirements for Sydney Law School; Student Experience, which includes links to Academic Enrichment and Support (Learning Centre Seminars, PASS, Legal Writing Resources and many other useful resources)

Ensure you are aware of the content, and that you have consulted it before beginning a unit of study. All student enquiries should be directed to the Student Centre. You can also contact 1800 SYD UNI, check the Current Student website http://sydney.edu.au/students/ , or submit a web form.

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Lecturer name and contact details Title/Name Professor Anne Twomey (Course convenor) Email

[email protected]

Title/Name Dr Joel Harrison Email

[email protected]

Title/Name Dr Lukas Opacic Email

[email protected]

Title/Name Mr Peter Chiam Email

[email protected]

Preferred method of communication Please contact lecturers by email, or in class. Please use your University of Sydney email address, not a private email address. Students should provide their student identification number and their name when corresponding with academic staff. Please check the Canvas site regularly, as urgent messages to all students may be posted on it.

Lecture dates and times Days

Time

Grp 1 – Lukas Opacic Grp 2 – Joel Harrison Grp 3 – Joel Harrison – Grp 5 – Anne Twomey Grp 6 – Peter Chiam Part-time Grp – Peter Chiam

Mon/Wed 9am-11am Mon/Wed 11am-1pm Mon/Wed 2pm-4pm - online Tues/Thurs 9am-11am Tues/Thurs 11am-1pm - online Tues/Thurs 4pm-6pm Tuesdays 6pm-9pm

Please refer to the relevant JD and JD (part-time) timetable via the Student Portal page. NB: Please keep an eye on your Canvas LMS site for any announcements in relation to lectures and venues, as last-minute changes can and do occur.

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Reading materials Required reading 

The required reading is the cases listed below and associated articles and materials that are electronically linked or uploaded on Canvas under ‘Reading List’.



The casebook, G Williams, S Brennan and A Lynch, Blackshield and Williams, Australian Constitutional Law and Theory: Commentary and Materials (7thedn, 2018), is recommended reading, because it sets out in one place the relevant case extracts of the required reading (other than the Canvas material) and gives them context. Note: An e-book version of this text is available for those unable to acquire a hard copy. Blackshield and Williams is referred to as ‘BW’ below.



A copy of the Commonwealth Constitution is also required reading. A copy may be found in Blackshield and Williams or downloaded online.

Recommended reading Text books:    

Sarah Joseph and Melissa Castan, Federal Constitutional Law – A Contemporary View, (5th ed, 2019) James Stellios, Zines’s The High Court and the Constitution (6th ed, 2015) Peter Hanks, Frances Gordon and Graeme Hill, Constitutional Law in Australia (4thed, 2017) Nicholas Aroney, et al, The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia – History, Principle and Interpretation (CUP, 2015)

Casebooks:   

Beck, Australian Constitutional Law – Concepts and Cases (2020) Bateman, Meagher, Simpson and Stellios, Hanks’ Australian Constitutional Law: Materials and Commentary (11th ed, 2021) Gerangelos, Aroney, Lee, Murray, Evans, Emerton and Stone, Winterton’s Australian Federal Constitutional Law: Commentary and Materials, (4th ed, 2017)

Annotated Constitutions:   

Quick and Garran, The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth (1901) Lane, Lane’s Commentary on the Australian Constitution (2d ed, 1997) Lumb, Moens and Trone, The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia Annotated (10th ed, 2021).

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Lecture schedule – Full time students Week 1 – Commencing 21 February 1.1 1.2

Introduction Constitutional interpretation and Characterisation

Week 2 – Commencing 28 February 2.1 2.2

Characterisation Trade and Commerce Power

Week 3 – Commencing 7 March 3.1 3.2

Inconsistency External Affairs

Week 4 – Commencing 14 March 4.1 4.2

Race power Defence Power and Nationhood Power

Week 5 – Commencing 21 March 5.1 5.2

Corporations power Practice problems and assignment preparation

Week 6 – Commencing 28 March 6.1 6.2

Grants Power and Appropriations Taxation

Assignment Due at 2pm on Monday, 4 April* Week 7 – Commencing 4 April 7.1 7.2

Excise Duties Section 92 – Freedom of interstate trade, commerce and intercourse

Week 8 – Commencing 11 April – Reading Week Semester Break – Commencing 18 April Week 9 – Commencing 25 April – Reading Week Week 10 – Commencing 2 May 10.1 10.2

Inter-governmental immunities Prt 1 Inter-governmental immunities Prt 2

Week 11 – Commencing 9 May 11.1 11.2

Compulsory Acquisition of Property Implied Freedom of Political Communications Prt 1

Week 12 – Commencing 16 May 12.1 12.2

Implied Freedom of Political Communications Prt 2 and Freedom of Religion Revision

Week 13 – Commencing 23 May – Reading Week *

Note that a different due date applies for part-time group – 2pm on 14 April 2022.

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Week 1 1.1 Introduction   

Overview of constitutional structure Federalism and the Engineers Case Literalism and Legalism

Required reading: Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 CLR 129, 141-155 Victoria v Commonwealth (1971) 122 CLR 353, 395-97 Jumbunna Coal Mine NL v Victorian Coal Miner’s Assoc (1908) 6 CLR 309, 367-8 J D Heydon, ‘Theories of constitutional interpretation: a taxonomy’, [2007] (Winter) Bar News, 12, 26 Recommended Reading: BW 286-294, BW 170-173 and BW 185-6. 1.2 Constitutional interpretation and Characterisation         

Use of historical materials Intention of Framers Textualism Incremental accommodation Purposive interpretation – living tree Brief overview of ss 51 and 52 of the Constitution and other provisions that grant or limit legislative power (ss 90, 92, 114, 115, 122) Characterisation Dual characterisation Interaction between heads of power

Required reading: Tasmania v Commonwealth and Victoria (1904) 1 CLR 329, 358-60 NSW v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1, 96-8 Eastman v The Queen (2000) 203 CLR 1, 44-51 Street v Queensland Bar Association (1989) 168 CLR 461, 537-8 Commonwealth v Australian Capital Territory (2013) 250 CLR 441, 455-462 Bank of NSW v Commonwealth (1948) 76 CLR 1, 182-187 Fairfax v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1965) 114 CLR 1, 3-13 NSW v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1, 203 & 72 Herald & Weekly Times Ltd v Commonwealth (1966) 115 CLR 418, 430-7 Murphyores Incorporated Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1976) 136 CLR 1, 18-23 Actors & Announcers Equity Association v Fontana Films (1982) 150 CLR 169, 190-5 Pidoto v Victoria (1943) 68 CLR 87, 101 NSW v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1, 205-8, 127-8 Gerner v Victoria [2020] HCA 48 (Canvas) J D Heydon, ‘Theories of constitutional interpretation: a taxonomy’, [2007] (Winter) Bar News, 12,13-16. Recommended reading: BW 186-203, 844-861.

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Week 2 2.1

Characterisation

   

Subject matter and purpose powers Subject matter powers – the Marriage Power The incidental power Reading down and severance

Required reading: Stenhouse v Coleman (1944) 69 CLR 457, 471 Re F; Ex parte F (1986) 161 CLR 376, 387-90 Re Dingjan; Ex parte Wagner (1995) 183 CLR 323, 368-9 Grain Pool of Western Australia v Commonwealth (2000) 202 CLR 479, 491-2 Australian National Airways Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1945) 71 CLR 29, 70 D’Emden v Pedder (1904) 1 CLR 91, 109-10 Grannall v Marrickville Margarine Pty Ltd (1955) 93 CLR 55, 77 Burton v Honan (1952) 86 CLR 169, 177-9 Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills (1992) 177 CLR 1, 27-33, 87-89 Leask v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 579, 599-606, 634-35 Victoria v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 416, 502 NSW v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1, 240-241 Bell Group NV (in liq) v Western Australia (2016) 331 ALR 408, 426-7 Recommended reading:

BW 861-869, 872-880 and 254-258.

2.2

Trade and Commerce Power

  

Characterisation of the trade and commerce power Application to intra-state trade Trade and commerce and the incidental power

Required reading: W & A McArthur Ltd v Queensland (1920) 28 CLR 530, 546-7 Australian National Airways Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1945) 71 CLR 29, 80-1 R v Burgess, ex parte Henry (1936) 55 CLR 608, 627, 629 Wragg v NSW (1953) 88 CLR 353, 385-6 Airlines of New South Wales Pty Ltd v New South Wales (No 2) (1965) 113 CLR 54, 113-117 O’Sullivan v Noarlunga Meat Ltd (1954) 92 CLR 565, 595-8 Attorney-General (WA) v Australian National Airlines Commission (1976) 138 CLR 492, 508-511 Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 150-153 Recommended reading: BW 889-902.

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Week 3 3.1

Inconsistency

   

The meaning of invalid Direct inconsistency and indirect inconsistency Manufacturing inconsistency and clearing the field Inconsistency and retrospective laws

Required reading: Telstra Corporation Ltd v Worthing (1997) 197 CLR 61, 76-6 APLA Ltd v Legal Services Commissioner (NSW) (2005) 224 CLR 322, 425 Clyde Engineering Co Ltd v Cowburn (1926) 37 CLR 466, 479-90 Ex parte McLean (1930) 43 CLR 472, 483 Work Health Authority v Outback Ballooning Pty Ltd [2019] HCA 2 (Canvas) Commercial Radio Coffs Harbour v Fuller (1986) 161 CLR 47, 50, 56-8 Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd v Wardley (1980) 142 CLR 237, 246 Commonwealth v Western Australia (1999) 196 CLR 392, 417 Momcilovic v The Queen (2011) 245 CLR 1, 119-21 Commonwealth v Australian Capital Territory (2013) 250 CLR 441, 467-9 R v Credit Tribunal; Ex parte General Motors Acceptance Corporation (1977) 137 CLR 545, 563-4 Viskauskas v Niland (1983) 153 CLR 280, 292-3 University of Wollongong v Metwally (1984) 158 CLR 447, 456-458, 476-8 Recommended reading: BW 394-402,406-412, and 423-429. 3.2

External Affairs

   

Overview of history of drafting of the external affairs power Geographic externality – matters external to Australia The implementation of treaties International recommendations

Required reading: R v Sharkey (1949) 79 CLR 121, 136-7 NSW v Commonwealth (1975) 135 CLR 337, 449-50 Thomas v Mowbray (2007) 233 CLR 307, 364-5 Polyukhovich v Commonwealth (1991) 172 CLR 501, 602-3 Horta v Commonwealth (1994) 181 CLR 183, 194-5 R v Burgess, ex parte Henry (1936) 55 CLR 608, 679-82 Commonwealth v Tasmania (Tasmanian Dam case) (1983) 158 CLR 1, 101-2, 124-6 Richardson v Forestry Commission (1988) 164 CLR 261, 320-3 Victoria v Commonwealth (Industrial Relations Act case) (1996) 187 CLR 416, 479-88 Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 162-7 Alqudsi v Commonwealth (2015) 91 NSWLR 92 (Canvas). Recommended Reading: BW 980-990 and 994-1011.

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Week 4 4.1

Race power

   

Origins of the race power Special laws deemed necessary Must the exercise of the power be beneficial? Proposals to reform the race power

Required reading: Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen (1982) 153 CLR 168, 186-7 Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1, 65, 242-5 Western Australia v Commonwealth (1995) 183 CLR 373, 460-2 Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (1998) 195 CLR 337, 361-381 Extract from: Expert Panel on Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians, Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution (Canberra, 2012) 144-153 (Canvas) Recommended Reading: BW 1063-1086.

4.2

Defence Power and the Nationhood Power



Overview of defence provisions of Constitution – s 51(vi), s 114, s 119 and s 68 The waxing and waning nature of the defence power The Communist Party case Anti-terrorism Revision of Nationhood Power (from Public Law)

   

Required reading: Andrews v Howell (1941) 65 CLR 255, 278 Stenhouse v Coleman (1944) 69 CLR 457, 469-471 Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth (1951) 83 CLR 1, 205-6, 178-85, 195205, 252-268 Marcus Clark & Co Ltd v Commonwealth (1952) 87 CLR 177, 215-6, 252-6 Thomas v Mowbray (2007) 233 CLR 307, 324-5 Davis v Commonwealth (1988) 166 CLR 79, 92-116 Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 24 Recommended Reading: BW 933-938, 951-972 re defence and 470-484 re nationhood power.

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Week 5 5.1

Corporations Power

  

What is a trading or financial corporation? Characterisation of the corporations power Extension of the power beyond laws with respect to the trading or financial activities of trading or financial corporations Power to incorporate



Required reading: Huddart Parker & Co Pty Ltd v Moorehead (1909) 8 CLR 330, 409, 393-5 Strickland v Rocla Concrete Pipes Ltd (1971) 124 CLR 468, 484-91 Communications Union v Queensland Rail (2015) 256 CLR 171, 183-198 R v Federal Court of Australia; Ex parte WA National Football League (Adamson’s case) (1979) 143 CLR 190, 233-9 State Superannuation Board of Victoria v Trade Practices Commission (1982) 150 CLR 282, 303-6 Fencott v Muller (1983) 152 CLR 570, 589-90, 601-2 Commonwealth v Tasmania (Tasmanian Dam Case) (1983) 158 CLR 1, 155-7 NSW v Commonwealth (Incorporation Case) (1990) 169 CLR 482, 497-506 Actors and Announcers Equity Association v Fontana Films (1982) 150 CLR 169, 183 Commonwealth v Tasmania (Tasmanian Dam Case) (1983) 158 CLR 1, 148-53 NSW v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1, 104, 112-9 Williams v Commonwealth (No 2) (2014) 252 CLR 416, 460-1 Recommended Reading: BW 902-920 and 924-931. 5.2 – Review, practice problems and assignment preparation   

Review of material covered so far Practice problems (in preparation for submission of assignment) Any relevant new cases or current constitutional issues.

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Week 6 6.1

Grants Power and Appropriations Power

     

Section 96 grants Conditions placed on grants Section 96 and federal financial relations Is s 96 subject to other constitutional provisions? Section 81 and the power to appropriate The spending power – revision from Public Law

Required reading: Victoria v Commonwealth (Federal Roads Case) (1926) 38 CLR 399, 406 Deputy Federal Commissioner of Taxation (NSW) v W R Moran Pty Ltd (1939) 61 CLR 735, 763 W R Moran Pty Ltd v Deputy Federal Commissioner of Taxation (NSW) [1940] AC 838, 857-9 South Australia v Commonwealth (First Uniform Tax case) (1942) 65 CLR 373, 409-29 Victoria v Commonwealth (Second Uniform Tax case) (1957) 99 CLR 575, 601-11 Attorney-General (Vic) (ex rel Black) v Commonwealth (DOGS case) (1981) 146 CLR 559, 592-3 Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 103 Williams v Commonwealth (No 1) (2012) 248 CLR 156, 228-38 Williams v Commonwealth (No 2) (2014) 252 CLR 416, 467-70 Recommended Reading: BW 1142-1154, 1137-1139, 493-503. 6.2 – Taxation   

What is a tax? What procedures must be followed to pass a tax law? – Section 55 Distinction between a tax and a fee for service.

Required reading: Air Caledonie International v Commonwealth (1988) 165 CLR 462, 466-71 Australian Tape Manufacturers Association Ltd v Commonwealth (1993) 176 CLR 480, 500-7, 529-30 Northern Suburbs General Cemetery Reserve Trust v Commonwealth (1993) 176 CLR 555, 566-72 Airservices Australia v Canadian Airlines International Ltd (2000) 202 CLR 133, 1769, 237-41 Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 129-31 Recommended Reading: BW 1087-1093, 1096-1100 and 1103-5.

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Week 7 7.1

Excise Duties

 

The meaning of ‘excise duties’ Business franchise fees and excise

Required reading: Peterswald v Bartley (1904) 1 CLR 497, 509-11 Matthews v Chicory Marketing Board (Vic) (1938) 60 CLR 263, 303-4 Parton v Milk Board (Vic) (1949) 80 CLR 229, 258-60 Dennis Hotels Pty Ltd v Victoria (1960) 104 CLR 529, 538-40, 553-59 Dickenson’s Arcade Pty Ltd v Tasmania (1974) 130 CLR 177, 189, 226, 240, 190-194 Hematite Petroleum Pty Ltd v Victoria (1983) 151 CLR 599, 631-5 Philip Morris Ltd v Commissioner of Business Franchises (Vic) (1989) 167 CLR 399, 438-41 Capital Duplicators Pty Ltd v ACT (No 2) (1993) 178 CLR 561, 596 Ha v New South Wales (1997) 189 CLR 465, 490-518 Recommended Reading: BW 1105-1126. 7.2

Freedom of interstate trade, commerce and intercourse

  

Brief overview of the history of the interpretation of s 92 The re-characterisation of s 92 in Cole v Whitfield The current applic...