5A sexual assault PDF

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5A sexual assault 

s 61 I :t heo ffe nc eo fs e x ua la s s aul t

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I no r d e rt ou n d e r s t a n ds 6 1 I , i ta l s or e f e r st o6 1 H( de fini t i o no fs e x ua li nt e r c our s e ’a nd 6 1 HA’ c o ns e nti nr e l a t i o nt os e x ua la s s aul to ffe nc e s )

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6 1 Hc h a n g e s :S EXUALI NTERCOURSE ( 1 ) ( a ) pe n e t r a t i o nb ya n ye x t e n to ft h eg e n i t a l i a I n c l u de sas ur g i c a l l yc o n s t r u c t e d o faf e ma l eort h ea n u so fa n ype r s on ( b ) s e x u a lc o n n e c t i o no c c a s i o n e db yt h ei nt r o d uc t i o nofa n yp a r t o ft hep e n i so fap e r s oni n t o t h emou t ho fa n ot he rpe r s o n , o r ( c )c u n n i l i n g u s ( d )t h ec o n t i n u a t i ono fs e x u a li nt e r c o u r s e :“ i fape r s o nr e j e c t st h es e x u a li nt e r c ou r s ea n ya t p o i n td u r i n gt h es e x ua li nt e r c o u r s e .

 CONSENT De fin i t i o nofc on s e n t :6 1 HA( 2)f r e e l ya ndv o l u n t a r i l y CONSENTTOCI RCUMSTANCES: 61 HA( 4 ) a , b , c , d :a u t o ma t i c a l l yn e g a t ec on s e n t 61 HA( 5 ) :f r a u da n dmi s t a k e nt oh a v es e x u a li n t e r c o ur s e 61 HA( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) :ot h e rc i r c u ms t a n c e s

I n6 1 HA5 : ne g a t ec o ns e nta ut o ma t i c a l l yi nduc e dbyf r a ud/ mi s t ake : mi s t a k e no fi de nt i t y :i nt h ed a r ka n dno tb ea b l et os e e[ Ba nd i t t( 20 0 5 ) ] u n de rt h emi s t a k e nb e l i e fo fma r r i a g e :f r a u dt op r e t e n dt ob ema r r i e dt oh a v es e x ua l i n t e r c ou r s e .

i fy o uh a v emi s t a k e ns e x u a li n t e r c o u r s et oah y g i e n i corme d i c a lp e r f o r ma n c e :( c ) At ki n : s h ewa ss h o pl i f t i n g ,a n dama np r e t e nd e dt ob ea nu nd e r c o v e rs e c ur i t yg u a r da n d a s k e dh e rt og ot ob a t h r o omt oh a v es e xwi t hh i m.[ i n t i mi da t i o n ]

Ac ut sr e us : 1.I n t e r c o u r s e -6 1 H 2.Wi t h o u tc o n s e n t :wh i c hi s6 1HA2 , 4, 5 , 6 , 7 , 8( o n l yg ot h r o u g ht h eo n e st h a ti s r e l e v a n t ) .o n l yl o o ka tt h ev i c t i mofe i t h e rc o n s e n twa sg i v e nu n d e rd i ffe r e n t c i r c u ms t a n c e s

Me nsRe a : 1.Th a tt h ec o mp l i a ntd i d n ’ tc o n s e n ta n dt h ea c c u s e dkn e wkno wl e d g e Ab o u tt h ekn o wl e d g e , wh i c hI ss t a t eo fmi n d . Ho wc a nt he ykn o w?Un d e r6 1 HA( 3 ) ( a )( b )( c ) -

Ve r b a la n dph y s i c a lt h a tt h e ywo u l da c t u a l l ykn o w3 ( a )kn o wl e d g eo ft h e a c c u s e d

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3 ( b )t h epe r s o ndo e s n ’ ta c t u a l l yh a v ekn o wl e d g eb utr e c kl e s s : a .Wh a td oe si t me a nt ob er e c k l e s s ? a dv e r t e n tr e c kl e s s :c a s ty o u rmi n da n df o r e s e et hep o s s i b i l i t yo ft h e v i c t i mn otc o n s e n t i n g i n a d v e r t e ntr e c kl e s s :f a i lt or e c o g ni z et h epo s s i b i l i t yo ft h ev i c t i mn o t c o n s e n t i n gwh e na n yr e a s o na b l ep e r s onc a nf o r e s e e .

1 .Ki t c h e ne rc a s ep p 6 8 3 :[ mo t or c y c l ed r i vi n gc a s e ] Al lt h r e eo ft h ec o u r ta g r e e dt h a taf a i l u r et oa d v e r ta ta l lt 0t h e p o s s i b i l i t yt h a tt h ec o mp l a i n a n ti sn o tc o n s e n t i n gn e c e s s a r i l yme a ns t ha tt hea c c u s e di s‘ r e c kl e s sa st owh e t h e rt h eo t h e rp e r s o nc o n s e n t s ’ .

2 .To l mi e :[ l e f tb e h i n dt h eg r o u p , a c c u s e di sap o e tc a s e ] I n a d v e r t e n t :no to n l yd e c i d i n gt oi g no r ear i s ko fh a r mf u lc o n s e q u e n c e s r e s ul t i n gf r om o n e ’ sa c t st h a ton eh a sr e c o g n i z e da se x i s t i n g , b u ta l s o

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f a i l i n gt og i v ea n yt h o u g h tt owh e t h e ro rn o tt h e r ei sa n ys u c hr i s ki n c i r c u ms t a n c e swh e r ei fa n yt h o u g h twe r eg i v e nt ot h ema t t e ri two u l d b eo b vi ou st h a tt h e r ewa s .

3 .Mo r g a n:[ wi f ei sn o tki n k yc a s e ] Ho n e s tb e l i e fi se n o u g h , do e sn o tne e dt ob er e a s o n a b l e ;I ti sv e r y s u b j e c t i v ei nt hi swa y .

4 .La z a r usvR:[ da r kl a n ene a rc a r p a r k ] a .Sh ea g r e e ds h ewa st i p s ya n dd r u n k b .I n v i t e dhe rt og ot ot h eDJ ,aVI Pa r e ab u ta c t u a l l yt o okh e rt ot h e b l a c kl a n e c .Sh eh a sb e e nk i s s i n ghi mp a s s i o n a t e l yb e f o r et h e ywa l k e dt ot h eDJ a n dt h e ywe n tt ot h el a n e wa y . Sh ei nd i c a t e ds h ewa n t st og ob a c k a n dbu th epe r s u a d e d . Hep u l l e ddo wnh e ru n d e r we a rt wi c e , s h e r e f u s e dt h efir s tt i mea n dd i dno tp u l l i tb a c kt h es e c o n dt i me ;a n d t h e nt h es e x u a li n t e r c o u r s et o o kp l a c e

Problem questions: 1. Actus reus: a person consents to sexual intercourse if the person freely and voluntarily agrees to the sexual intercourse. Any fact suggesting to consent Kissing Conscious

Negate consent Intoxicated 6 (a) or not conscious – 4b No resistance doesn’t mean consent( 7)

2. Mens rea: 3a: seems like he doesn’t have the knowledge that she did not consent

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3b: recklessness 3c: inadvertent recklessness

Lazarus v r -

Aim: firstly, whether the evidence proved that there was no reasonable possibility that the complainant consented to the alleged intercourse; and, secondly, whether it was not reasonably possible that the appellant did not know the complainant was not consenting. (sexual intercourse has occrued for sure)

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In this case the Court has concluded that the verdict cannot stand because of the misdirection as to a fundamental element of the offence, namely as to whether the appellant knew that the complainant had not consented to anal intercourse.

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Given the verdict, it is clear that the jury concluded beyond reasonable doubt that the complainant had, indeed, not consented.

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In addition, there was evidence (as set out in Fullerton J’s judgment) that justified the conclusion that the complainant was “substantially intoxicated” within the meaning of s 61HA(6)(a) and thus had not consented, whatever her conduct might have been or have that it was not reasonable to think that she was consenting.

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1. First problem: The defendant needs not to prove it is reasonable 2. Second problem: The trial judge made it sounds like a subjective test, But it should be subjective and objective: a. They need to consider whether or not the accused had honest belief that she was consenting, and prosecution to prove whether the honest belief is not reasonable. b. The prosecution to prove whether the honest belief is not reasonable beyond reasonable doubt. The prosecution did not prove beyond reasonable doubt that she did not consent:

2 errors in the judge alone trial: 1. Mistakes written by her that she wrote the intoxicated one wrong’ without the word not’ 2. The court did not regard to d: taking any steps taken by the person to ascertain whether the other person consents to the sexual intercourse. [but notwithstanding the errors]

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Lazarus remained free and unconvict.

Day case: Facts: Accused had sex with the compliant who was asleep because he genuinely believed that she was his wife. He was intoxicated. Problems: negating consent-4b asleep, even she were his partner, it still negate consents. Thus, mistaken who was having sex intercourse does not make a differences to him.

-honest belief: and you need to find reasonable ground that the way she was acting indicates consent 1. Does the victim consent? 2. Knowledge by accused consent?

Qu e s t i o np r o b l e m2 : A/ R:6 1 ISe x ua la s s a u l t s e xu a li n t e r c o u r s e wi t h o utv i c t i m’ sc o n s e nt 6 1 HAf r e e l ya n dv o l u n t a r i l y 4 ( b)s l e e p 5 ( a )mi s t a k e ni d e n t i t y M/ R:6 1 HA( 3 ) ( a )Ac t u a lkn o wl e d g e ( b )Re c kl e s s -a d v e r t e n t ( c )i na dv e r t e nt( h ed i d n ’ te v e ns e et h ep o s s i b i l i t yo fs h ed o e s n ’ tc o n s e n tb u tj u s ts hel o v e s ; t h e r ei sn or e a s o na b l egr o un d si na l l t hec i r c ums t a n c e sf ora n y on et obe l i e v es h ewo ul d c o n s e n t .n e g l i g e n tt oe v e nc a s th i smi n dt h a tan or ma lp e r s o nwo u l ddos ot ot h i n kt ha t s h ewo ul dn o tc on s e n t . )

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** *c o n s i d e ra n ys t e p st h a thec ou l dh a v et a k e nt og a i nh e rc o n s e nt

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