7 EL 104 - Language In Education Policies in The Philippines Through The Years PDF

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EL 104MODULE 6: LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION POLICIES IN THE PHILIPPINES THROUGH THE YEARSLanguage Education Policy (LEP) is the process through which the ideals, goals, and contents of a language policy can be realized in education practicesSPANISH COLONIZATION 1565-INSTRUCTION IN 1596 – the King of Spain...

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EL 104

MODULE 6: LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION POLICIES IN THE PHILIPPINES THROUGH THE YEARS Language Education Policy (LEP) is the process through which the ideals, goals, and contents of a language policy can be realized in education practices

SPANISH COLONIZATION 1565-1898 INSTRUCTION IN 1596 – the King of Spain (Felipe II) sent to Tello, governor of the Philippine colony, an instruction which stated that learning of indigenous languages by the friars was inadequate for missionary, instead the friars should teach Spanish to natives. THE DECREE IN 1603 – requires the teaching of the Spanish language to the natives who were willing to learn, but at the same time the Crown government demanded friars to learn indigenous languages probably because some of friars were reluctant or incompetent to master indigenous languages. THE DECREE IN 1634 – Felipe IV issued a decree demanding that the colonial government should teach Spanish to all natives. THE DECREE IN 1686 – Carlos II issued decree in which he complained that former decrees had not been observed and stated there would be punishment if not observed. THE ORDINANCE 1768 – this ordinance asked the establishment of schools and prohibited any other language than Spanish in schools. It is stated that the official jobs could be given to those speaking Spanish as an incentive to learning of Spanish. EDUCATION ACT IN 1863 – prescribe that that Spanish was to be the sole of medium instruction in order to facilitate the needed to learn Spanish, so that literacy in Spanish appeared to be the major purpose of the curriculum. The decree provided that natives who could not speak, read and write Spanish five years after the issuance were not to be permitted to hold salaried government positions.

AMERICAN COLONIZATION (1898-1990) After the Spanish – American War, the US Government sent Thomasites to the Philippines. They made it a point to teach English to the Filipinos. Every child from age 7 was required to register in schools located in their own town or province. The students were given free school materials. 1925 – MONROE EDUCATIONAL COMMISION they found in the survey the slow progress of Filipino students in learning English in the school. 1932 – the medium of instruction in primary education will be the native language on (1932-1933)

COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION (1935-1942) 1936 - Commonwealth Act No. 184 - an act to establish a national language institute and define its powers and duties

November 1939 – they submitted the recommendation that “Tagalog” will be the official national language. 1937 Executive Order No. 134 - stating that the national language will be based on Tagalog. 1940 Executive Order No. 263 - authorizing the printing of the dictionary and grammar of the national language, and fixing the day from which said language shall be used and taught in the public and private schools of the Philippines 1940 Commonwealth Act No. 570 Section 1 - The Filipino national language is declared as one of the official languages of the Philippines 1940 Commonwealth Act No. 570 Section 2 - for the purpose of this act, all textbooks for the primary schools written in the national language or which are necessary for the propagation thereof, by the medium of public and private schools and other agencies and methods of popularization, shall be prepared under the supervision of the bureau of education, subject to the approval of the institute of national language in so far as its language form is connected.

JAPANESE PERIOD (1942-1945) Nippongo and culture were aggressively propagated. They were offered as compulsory courses in schools. The Commander –in-chief of the Japanese Imperial Forces ordered the prohibition of the use of English. 1943 - Executive Order No. 10 - The Filipino language bloomed. It was used as the official language of the country from elementary to college level in teaching Philippine history and character education.

1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ARTICLE XIV, SECTION 6 AND 7 - Provided the legal basis for the various language policies that are being implemented in the country. Resolved the issue on the national language is, since the 1935 and 1973 Philippine charter were not clear about this

THE PHILIPPINE BILINGUAL EDUCATION POLICY (BEP) Consistent with the 1987 constitutional mandate and a declared policy of the National Board of Education (NBE) on bilingualism in the schools (NBE Resolution No. 73-7, s.1973) the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) promulgated its language policy. It was first implemented in 1974 when DECS issued Order no. 25 s. 1974 titled “Implementing Guidelines for the Policy on Bilingual Education”. BEP in Philippines is defined operationally as to separate use of Filipino and English as the media of instruction in specific subject areas. FILIPINO for social sciences, MAPEH, home economics, practical arts, and character education. ENGLISH for science, mathematics and technology subjects. Regional languages shall be used as auxiliary language in Grade I and II.

Proclamation No. 1041, s. 1997 and signed on July 15, 1997, by former Philippine President Fidel V. Ramos. The Proclamation extended the observance of Linggo ng Wika from Aug. 13 to 19, to the whole month

THE LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE COMMISION ON HIGHER EDUCTION 1994 Republic Act No. 7722 also called as the Higher Education Act 1994. creating Commission on Higher Education (CHED) was assigned. Language courses whether Filipino or English should be taught in that language Literature subject may be taught in Filipino, English or any language as long as there are enough instructional materials for the same and both students and instructors/ professors are competent in the language. Courses in the humanities and social sciences should preferably be taught in Filipino.

K-12 Program and Mother Tongue – Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) K-12 program sought to build proficiency through language via MTB-MLE, introduced in 2012. the mother tongue or first language refers to language or dialects first learned by a child and with child identifies with. Kinder to Grade 3 Mother tongue is the medium of instruction. Grade 4-6 mother tongue transition program which English and Filipino are introduced as media of instruction. Junior and Senior High School English and Filipino will become the primary language of instruction. 2017 House Bill No. 5091 “An Act to Strengthen and Enhance the use of English as the medium of instruction in Educational System” English shall be taught as second language, starting with Grade I and shall be used as MOI for English, Mathematics and Science at least the third-grade level. Filipino language shall continue to be MOI in learning areas of Filipino and Araling Panlipunan.

The Philippine Education 3 levels of Education – Elementary, Secondary and Tertiary Elementary and Secondary Education (Private and Public) all under the Jurisdiction of the Department of Education while the Tertiary Education falls under the Jurisdiction of the CHED The structural organization of the Department of Education consist of 2 main clears. The central office which carries out the overall administrative function at the National level in the field offices which manages local and regional administration. The department is headed by Education Secretary – Leonor Briones Undersecretary ^ and Assistant Secretary

Provided by law, the department can have a minimum of 4 undersecretary and 4 assistant secretaries. The Philippines is mandated to provide a system of education for the Filipino children and the youth. The kind of education that is envision in the constitution is quality education. A complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people in the society. The state must ensure that all citizens can access this envision system of education. EFA – Education for all.

Education Policy Throughout the Years 1901 – Education Act 74 – Monolingual Education Policy  

The act created the department of public instruction laid the foundation of public school system in the Philippines provided for the establishment of the Philippine Normal School in Manila. Made English as the medium of instruction

The history of the language of instruction issue in the Philippine education might be said to begin during the American colonial period from 1900 to 1941 Prior of this period the matter of education must either systematic or documented although they were schools established during the Spanish Colonial Period from 1500s to 1800s The Colonial government did not establish a systematic program for education. The generally accepted policy was not to educate Filipinos. You know why? because the Spaniards are scared that the Filipinos will revolve against them if they know too much. Filipinos – Indio

The colonization of the country in the mid-16th century also brought about eradication of whatever form of education existed in the Philippines archipelago prior to the colonial period. Americans wants the Filipinos to learn and speak the English language. We were colonizing also by the Americans, so we were forced to learn their language. President McKinLey started the monolingual education policy. He directed the Philippine commission to establish a system of school where in English is the medium of instruction.

During 1937 – 1914 – Commonwealth Period    

President – Manuel Quezon Tagalog English Vocabulary - Dictionary The grammar of the national language of the Philippines entitled “Ang balarila ng wikang Pambansa” The national language of the Philippine shall be taught in all public and private school of the country.

1935 Constitution 

Adapt the Tagalog as our national language – Executive Order No. 263 – Stimulated the teaching of Tagalog as a separate subject in the primary and secondary school and in college also.

1957   

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A new language policy was adopted in Philippine school following a field of intensive research and experimentation on which language to use best The chosen medium of instruction was not effective. That’s why they consulted a research and experimentation. In attempt to make the school system more relevant to the needs of the people. The board of national education decided that the medium of instruction in the first 2 grade of the elementary shall be the local vernacular language (mother tongue) The national language will be taught informally in grade 1 and given emphasis as a subject in higher grade. English shall be taught as a subject in grades 1 and 2 and use as medium of instruction beginning in grade 3. The revised educational program of 1957 was criticized strongly due to the observance of the weaknesses of multilingual policy which it promoted. English, Filipino, Spanish and Mother Tongue = the use of 4 languages did not prove effective in educating the Filipino child They found out that it was not effective. Various surveys in languages were undertaken 2 years after the implementation of the new program in an attempt to formulate the workable policy of the language in school.

1974 Bilingual Education Policy The BEP mandated the use of English and Pilipino (changed to Filipino in the 1987 Constitution) as media of instruction in Philippine primary and secondary schools. By the bilingual education policy Filipino is the medium of instruction in schools for all subjects except natural Science and Mathematics for which English is used. Filipino – social sciences, araling panlipunan, filipino, MAPEH, and etc.

The program was not strictly implemented in private schools....