9.2 Wbk - lesson PDF

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Description

Name

Date

Constructed Fluid Systems

Section

9.2

Summary

Textbook pages 324–333

Before You Read What role does pressure play in getting water from its source to your sink? Record your ideas below. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

✏ ◆

What is a fluid system? Mark the Text

Check for Understanding As you read this section, be sure to reread any parts you do not understand. Highlight any sentence that helps you understand those parts.

A fluid system is something that makes use of a gas or a liquid to perform tasks. If the fluid is a liquid, the system is hydraulic (high-DRAW-lik). If the fluid is a gas, the system is pneumatic (new-MAT-ik). Fluid systems are all around you. The pipes that bring water to your home are part of a fluid system. A jackhammer that chips through pavement is also a fluid system.

What is a hydraulic system?

✔ ●

Reading Check

1. What is an example of a hydraulic system? ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

Hydraulics is the study of how liquids act when they are under pressure. A device that uses liquid under pressure to apply force in order to move something is called a hydraulic system. Most hydraulic systems apply a force on a liquid that fills a closed space, such as a tank or a pipe. The applied force creates pressure that moves the liquid through a series of tubes, pipes, or hoses. This causes motion of some kind at the other end of the system. You use a hydraulic system when you turn on a hose or a water tap. When you squeeze a tube of toothpaste, you are using a hydraulic system, too. ✔●

Why do hydraulic systems often use a pump? In many hydraulic systems, pumps are used to give the force that pushes the liquid. Pumps put the liquid under pressure. Think about the water you use at home. The pipes that bring water to your home are below the ground. The water must be put under pressure to move it against the force of gravity up to your sink. Putting a liquid under pressure means it can travel long distances. In a water pipe, you put the water under pressure at one end so you can get water out of the other end.

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© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

Section

Name

Date

9.2

Summary continued

Mechanics depend on hydraulic systems to lift cars and other heavy objects. They use hydraulic multiplication to increase and transmit a force through a liquid from one place to another.

What is a pneumatic system? Pneumatics is the study of how gases act when they are under pressure. A device that uses gas under pressure to apply a force in order to move something is called a pneumatic system. A pneumatic system uses a device called a compressor to compress the air so pressure builds up. When the pressure is released, the gas exerts a strong, steady force. This force can be used to fill tires, drill teeth, and bring heavy trucks to a safe stop through the use of air brakes. ✔●

What are some problems with hydraulic and pneumatic systems?

✔ ●

Reading Check

2. What is an example of a pneumatic system? ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

Hydraulic and pneumatic systems cannot work if they lose pressure. A crack or hole in a closed fluid-filled container (such as a pipe) will let fluid leak out and reduce pressure. Hydraulic and pneumatic systems cannot work if they become blocked. For example, if a vacuum cleaner filter becomes clogged with dust the vacuum will not work well.

dust bag exhaust port rotating brush

filter electric motor area of low pressure fan intake port

© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

Section 9.2

Constructed Fluid Systems • MHR

135

Name

Cloze Activity Section 9.2

Date

Use with textbook pages 324–331.

Fluids at rest and fluids in motion Vocabulary fluid gas hydraulics hydraulic system hydraulic multiplication

liquid pneumatics pneumatic system pressure pumps

Use the terms in the vocabulary box above to fill in the blanks. You can use each term as many times as necessary. You will not need to use all the terms. 1. A ________________________________________ system is something that makes use of a gas or a liquid to perform tasks. 2. The study of how liquids act when they are under pressure is called ________________________________________. 3. A device that uses pressure to apply a force through a liquid to move something else is called a ________________________________________. 4. You use a ________________________________________ when you turn on a hose or a water tap. 5. In many hydraulic systems, ________________________________________ are used to put the liquid under pressure. 6. The pipes that bring water to your home are below the ground. The water must be put under ________________________________________ to move it against the force of gravity up to your sink. 7. In a hydraulic system, you put a ________________________________________ under pressure so it can move something else at the other end. 8. Mechanics depend on hydraulic systems to lift cars and other heavy objects. They use ________________________________________ to increase and transmit a force through a liquid from one place to another. 9. The study of how gases act when they are under pressure is called ________________________________________. 10. A device that uses pressure to apply a force through a gas to move something else is called a ________________________________________. 136

MHR • Section 9.2

Constructed Fluid Systems

© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

Name

Applying Knowledge Section 9.2

Date

Use with textbook pages 324–331.

Comparing systems 1. Use a Venn diagram to help you compare two concepts. On the left side of the Venn diagram, write the things that are only true of hydraulic systems. On the right side, write the things that are only true of pneumatic systems. In the middle, write the things that are true of both systems. hydraulic system

pneumatic system

both

2. List two uses for each type of system. Hydraulic system: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Pneumatic system: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

Section 9.2

Constructed Fluid Systems • MHR

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Name

Date

Comprehension Section 9.2

Use with textbook pages 324–331.

True or false? Read the statements given below. If the statement is true, write “T” on the line in front of the sentence. If it is false, write “F” and then rewrite the statement so it is true. 1. _____ Hydraulics is the study of pressure in solids. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. _____ Hydraulic systems produce pressure that moves through a gas. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. _____ Water usually flows downwards due to the force of gravity, but it can also flow upwards if it is placed under pressure. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. _____ A hydraulic system uses a device to compress the air so pressure builds up. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. _____ Pumps are important parts of pneumatic systems. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. _____ Hydraulic multiplication is used to increase and transmit a force through a liquid from one place to another. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. _____ Pneumatic systems use liquid in an enclosed system under pressure. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

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Name

7. Which of the following is created when an enclosed fluid is squeezed?

Use with textbook pages 324–331.

Constructed fluid systems

A. buoyancy B. convection C. pressure

Match the Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be used only once. Term

Assessment Section 9.2

Date

D. gravity 8. Which of the following are usually important parts of hydraulic systems?

Descriptor

1. ______ hydraulics A. a system in which an enclosed gas transmits a 2. ______ pneumatics force, causing motion 3. ______ hydraulic system B. the study of pressure in liquids 4. ______ pneumatic system C. a device that transmits an applied force using a liq5. ______ hydraulic multiplication uid under pressure D. the study of pressure in gases E. something that makes use of gas or liquid to perform tasks F. using a liquid to increase and transmit a force from one point to another

© 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

pumps

III.

compressors

D. I, II, and III 9. What allows a pump to raise fluids in pipes? A. area B. force C. gravity D. pressure 10. Which of the following could cause a loss of pressure in a hydraulics system?

A. that pressure is increased at the other end of the system

D. you cannot apply pressure to a fluid in an enclosed system

II.

C. I and II only

6. Which of the following describes what happens when pressure is applied at one point to a fluid in an enclosed system?

C. the pressure at the other end of the system does not change

pipes

A. II only B. III only

Circle the letter of the best answer.

B. that pressure is decreased at the other end of the system

I.

I.

a crack in a pipe

II.

a hole in pipe

III.

a blockage in a pipe

A. I and II only B. II and III only C. I and III only D. I, II, and III

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