A level Physics Data Formulae Relationships PDF

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Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Level GCE in Physics (9PH0)

List of data, formulae and relationships

Issue 2 Summer 2017

P57019RA ©2017 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/1/

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List of data, formulae and relationships Acceleration of free fall

g = 9.81 m s−2

Boltzmann constant

k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

Coulomb law constant

k=

Electron charge

−19  = −1.60 × 10 e C

(close to Earth’s surface)

1 = 8.99 × 109 N m2 C−2 4πε0

me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

Electron mass Electronvolt 

 

1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19 J

Gravitational constant

G  = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

Gravitational field strength

g = 9.81 N kg−1

Permittivity of free space

ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

Planck constant

 h= 6.63 × 10−34 J s

(close to Earth’s surface)

−27 m = 1.67 × 10 kg p

Proton mass Speed of light in a vacuum

c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

Stefan-Boltzmann constant

 σ= 5.67 × 10−8 W m−2 K−4

Unified atomic mass unit

 u= 1.66 × 10−27 kg

Work, energy and power

Mechanics Kinematic equations of motion s=

(u + v)t 2

v = u + at s = ut +

1 2 at 2

v2 = u +  22as Forces ∑F = ma

g=

F m

W = mg moment of force = Fx Momentum p = mv

ΔW = FΔs Ek =

1 mv2 2

ΔEgrav = mgΔh E t W P= t

P=

efficiency =

useful energy output total energy input

efficiency =

useful power output total power input

Electric circuits Potential difference W Q

V= Resistance

V I

R=

Young modulus F A Δ x Strain ε = x σ E= ε Stress σ =

Elastic strain energy

Electrical power and energy P = VI P = I 2R

ΔEel =

1 FΔ x 2

Waves and Particle Nature of Light

2

V R

P=

W = VIt

v = λf Speed of a transverse wave on a string

Resistivity ρl A

R=

T μ

v=

Intensity of radiation

Current I=

Wave speed

ΔQ Δt

I = nqvA

I=

P A

Power of a lens 1 f

Materials

P=

Density

P = P1 + P2 + P3 + …

ρ=

m V

Stokes’ law  F =6πηrv Hooke’s law ΔF = kΔ x

Thin lens equation 1 1 1 + = u v f Magnification for a lens m=

image height v = object height u

Diffraction grating nλ = d sin θ

Fields

Refractive index n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 n=

c v

Coulomb’s law QQ F = k 12 2 r where k =

Critical angle sin C =

Electric field strength

1 n

F Q

E= Photon model E = h f Einstein’s photoelectric equation 1 mv2max 2

de Broglie wavelength λ=

h p

V d

E=

Electric potential V=k

Q r

Capacitance Q V

C= Further mechanics

Energy stored in a capacitor

Impulse W=

FΔt  =  Δp Kinetic energy of a non-relativistic particle 2

Ek =

Q r 2

E=k

hf = ϕ +

1 4πε0

p 2m

1 QV 2

Capacitor discharge Q = Q0e−t/RC Resistor – capacitor discharge I = I0e−t/RC

Motion in a circle

V = V0e−t/RC

v = ωr

In a magnetic field

2π T= ω

F = BIl sin θ 2

F = ma = a=

v2 r

a = rω2 Centripetal force

mv r

F = Bqv sin θ Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws ε=

−d(Nϕ) dt

Root-mean-square values V0 √2 I = 0 √2

mv2 F= r

Vr ms =

F = mrω2

Ir ms

Nuclear and particle physics In a magnetic field p r= BQ Thermodynamics Heating ΔE = mcΔθ ΔE = L Δm Molecular kinetic theory 1 3 mác2ñ = kT 2 2

pV =

1 Nmác2ñ 3

Ideal gas equation pV = NkT Stefan-Boltzmann law L = σAT 4

Radioactive decay A = λN dN = −λN dt ln 2 λ= t½ N = N0 e−λt A = A0 e−λt Gravitational fields Gravitational force F=

Gm1m2 r 2

Gravitational field strength g=

Gm r 2

Gravitational potential Vgrav =

−Gm r

L = σ4πr2T 4 Oscillations

Wien’s law λmax T= 2.898 × 10−3 m K

Simple harmonic motion F = −k x

Space

a = −ω2x

Intensity

x = A cos ωt

I=

L 4πd 2

Redshift of electromagnetic radiation Δλ Δf v z =  ≈   ≈  f c λ Cosmological expansion v = H 0d Nuclear radiation Mass-energy ΔE = c2Δm

v = −Aω sin ωt  = a  ‒Aω2 cos ωt 1 2π T= = ω f ω  = 2π f Simple harmonic oscillator T  = 2π 

m k

T  = 2π 

l g

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