A Project Report OF Design Engineering 5 SEM PDF

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GUJARAT TEHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Affiliated

SAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING RESEARCH A Project report on

UTILIZATION OF WIND ENERGY ACROSS TRAIN In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree Of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING Under subject of DESIGN ENGINEERING 2A (2150001) SEMESTER-V (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

1 2 3 4 5

SUBMITTED BY:SATYAM PRAJAPATI

140670119084

Academic year 2021-2022 1

CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE DISSERTATION ENTITLED “UTILIZATION OF WIND ENERGY ACROSS TRAIN” HAS BEEN CARRIED OUTBY SATYAMPRAJAPATI (140670119084), SAURABHSINH PRAJAPATI(140670119085), (140670119064).

RAJPUT(140670119087),VISHAL

DARSHAN

PATEL

(140670119063),

HENIL

PATEL

UNDER BY GUIDANCE FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (SEM-VI) OF GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD.

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2021-2022

Internal Guide

Head of Department

Prof. RUPAL J. TANK

Prof. MANISH PATEL

[MECH. DEPARTMENT]

[MECH. DEPARTMENT]

External Guide

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our gratitude to everyone who gave us the every possible guidance and help to learn more about which imparted more knowledge about the topic.

UTILIZATION OF WIND ENERGY ACROSS TRAIN. First of all we would like to thank Department of MECHANICAL Engineering of our institute for giving permission to commence this project.

We would like to specially thank to Prof. RUPAL J TANK for their guidance and encouragement who spent long hours on our report in addition to regular work.

We are grateful to have the valuable assistance of our internal guide for consistently providing us with all the tools and software necessary for our project to be completed. It is our great pleasure to introduce you to our design engineering project report.

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INDEX

Chapter 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.7 1.8 1.8.1 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.9 1.9.1 1.9.2 1.9.3 1.9.4 1.9.5 1.9.6

Introduction Activities General Impression / Observation Elements, Features and Special Notes Environment General Impressions / Observations Elements, Features and Special Notes Scene Interactions General Impressions / Observations Elements, Features and Special Notes Objects General Impressions / Observations Elements, Features and Special Notes Inventory of Key Objects Users Stake holders Activities Process Information Canvas Users Stake holders Activities Story Boarding Ideation Canvas People Activities Props / Possible Solutions Situation / Context / Location Product Development Canvas Purpose People Product experience Product functions Product features Customer revalidation

8 8

9

10

11

12

13

14 15

16 18

19

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1.9.7 1.10 1.10.1 1.10.2 1.10.3 1.10.4 1.10.5 Chapter 2: 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6

Reject, Redesign, Retain Learning Needs Matrix Purpose / Product concept Tools/ Method/ Theories/ Application Process involved Software/ Simulation/ Skill/ Mathematical Requirement Component Material strength criteria Applicable Standards design specifications/ Principles Literature Review Production of electricity by using turbine mounted on train. A method for generating electricity by fast moving vehicles. The case for vertical axis wind turbine. Small vertical axis wind turbine. Proposed model for the wind energy harnessing system in train. Vertical axis wind turbine. Problem Identification Problem Solution Design Principles Technical Costing Calculation

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Conclusion References

30 31

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Chapter 1 Introduction Our Project “Generating Electricity using Wind” is a wind turbine mounted on train. When the train travels, especially at moderate to high speed, the wind will enter the turbine with high kinetic energy from the front in the horizontal direction and strikes the blades of the wind turbine. This will make the blades rotate at high RPM. The rotational energy of turbine causes an alternator generator to generate electricity which charges the storage battery. A regulator prevents overcharging of batteries. We are making a system of wind turbine and generator which will generate electricity by using wind across moving train in speed. It is wind turbine that generates energy from the drag of the train. Since momentum is very high of trains, it’s economical to use the drag. To creating electricity from wind the shaft of the turbine must be connected to the generator. The generator uses the turning motion of the shaft to rotate a rotor which has oppositely charged magnet and it surrounded by copper wire loop. Electromagnetic Induction is created by the rotor spinning around the inside of the core, generating electricity. Here a wind turbine, generator, battery, regulator these are the main component for the project.

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Observation Record sheets like:1. A - Activities 2. E - Environment 3. I – Interaction 4. O – Object 5. U – Users 6. Empathy Mapping Canvas 7. Ideation canvas 8. Product development canvas

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1.1 Activities 1.1.1 General Impression / Observation: -

Fitting The Turbine Assembling The Blades Fitting Generator Connecting Batteries Testing The Parts

1.1.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes - Turbine - Batteries - Vertical Axis Wind Turbine - Wires

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1.2 Environment 1.2.1 General Impressions / Observations - Noise - Bad Road Conditions - Dusty - Traffic - Warm Temperature 1.2.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes - Vehicle - Eco Friendly - Wind Turbine 1.2.3 -

Scene Cities Parking Station Highway

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1.3 Interactions 1.3.1 -

General Impressions / Observations Designer Worker Labour Engineer Passenger

1.3.2 -

Elements, Features and Special Notes Engineer Designer Machine

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1.4 Objects 1.4.1 -

General Impressions / Observations Wind Vehicles Wires Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

1.4.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes - Car - Turbine - Vertical Axis Wind Turbine - Control Unit 1.4.3 -

Inventory of Key Objects Blades Wind Turbine Control Unit Shaft Generator Battery

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1.5 Users

1.5.1 -

General Impressions / Observations Passenger Officers Car Driver Bus Driver Students Traveller

1.5.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes - Driver - Passenger - Students

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1.6 Process Information Canvas 1.6.1 -

Users Students Employees Professors Car Manufacturer Senior Manufacturer

1.6.2 Stake holders Stake holders mean the person who shows interest in products. - Private Company - Automobile Industries Engineers 1.6.3 Activities

-

Fitting Operation Testing The Components Fitting The Turbine Assemble The Unit Working On Different Designs

1.7 Story Boarding: Happy story 1: A man having business of cabs running throught India. He purchased all electric hybrid cars and installed vertical axis wind turbine on all cars by doing this an additional batteries is charged free of cost.

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Happy story 2: As we know India has 2nd largest rail network. So our government decided to install this vertical axis wind turbine on coaches of train. So by doing this the electricity which is generated is used for providing electricity to light, AC etc. Sad story 1: By using this instrument Indian Railway spent many rupees and even the maintenance cost is high. Resulting is high expenditure of government. Sad story 2: The guy who installed this instrument on all his cab had to bear huge initial investment of installing the product as well as the average of all his cars decreased.

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1.8 Ideation Canvas 1.8.1 -

People Designer& Worker Traveller Students Engineer Officers Driver Passenger

1.8.2 -

Activities Vehicle Movement Air Resistance Fitting Operation Blade Movement Turbine Control Unit Batteries

1.8.3 -

Props / Possible Solutions Turbine Cars Batteries Multimedia Unit Watch Blades Generator

1.8.4 -

Situation/Context/Location Velocity Of Wind Velocity Of Vehicle Traffic Parking Footpath Roads 16

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1.9 Product Development Canvas 1.9.1 Purpose - Generating Electricity using Wind. 1.9.2 -

People Driver Employees Senior Citizens Professors Students Car Owner

1.9.3 Product experience - Economical - Eco Friendly 1.9.4 -

Product functions Generate Electricity Storing Electricity Utilize Wind Turbine Become More Efficient

1.9.5 -

Product features One Time Investment Produce Electricity Eco Friendly

1.9.6 Customer revalidation - Economical Vehicle - Low Ticket Cost In Train 1.9.7 Reject, redesign, retain - Accessibility - Overall Less Profit

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1.10 Learning Needs Matrix 1.10.1 Purpose / Product concept In our project Wind turbine that Generates energy from the drag of the Train. Since momentum is very high of trains, it is economical to use the drag of wind across train. We can produce clean energy and saves electricity.

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1.10.2Tools/Method/Theories/Application Process involved:-

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Energy Conversion, Wind Turbine from wind turbine >> electrical, Computer graphics, Railway Management, Generator, Circuit developer, Turbine system

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1.10.3Software/ simulation/skill/mathematical requirement:-

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Virtual simulation, Drafting Details, Solid works, 3-D modelling, Assumable Design, 2D Modelling, Image possessing

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1.10.4Component Material strength criteria (exploration varieties/testing requirements):-

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List of Component, Availability of parts, Cost of components, Bill of component, Component testing as per application, Turbine, Generator, Sensor, Battery

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1.10.5Applicable Standards design specifications/ Principles and Experiments:-

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Tools Standards, ASME (American Standard Of Mechanical Engineering), Design specification design checked, IEEE standard of sensor, Wind turbine, drag of train to mechanism of turbine, For validation part I need to understand requirement as per Government norms.

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Chapter2 Literature Review Research papers 2.1

Production of electricity by using turbine mounted on train.

2.2

A method for generating electricity by fast moving vehicles.

2.3

The case for vertical axis wind turbine.

2.4

Small vertical axis wind turbine.

2.5

Proposed model for the wind energy harnessing system in train.

2.6

Vertical axis wind turbine.

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Chapter 3 Problem Identification

 Our railway runs on the electricity and diesel. The main resource is electricity for the train. We can generate some electricity by using the wind across the running train to run the many electrical appliances in train.  So our main aim is to reduce the use of regular electricity and use the renewable resources to run the electrical appliances.  As we know that electricity is main requirement in today’s world. The generation of electricity is in India mainly depends on Thermal power plant. These are the non-renewable resources. This also affects the environment.  Today’s world is looking for the renewable resources for the electricity. The solar energy and the wind energy is the one of the main renewable resources.

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Chapter 4 Problem Solution

 As we want to generate the electricity by renewable resources. The possible solutions are: (1) Solar energy : - We can use solar plate on the roof of the train. But as we know that in this method the output is very low comparing with the investment. (2) Wind energy : - As we know that when any vehicle travels, especially at moderate to high speed there is very high kinetic energy available. When the vehicle travels, especially at moderate to high speed enter the turbine with high kinetic energy from the in the horizontal direction and strikes the blade of the wind turbine. And we can produce electricity. 4.1

Design Principles

4.1.1 Technical  Vertical axis wind turbine has the vertical main rotor shaft. The main advantage is that the generator and gearbox can be placed at the bottom or near the ground. Turbine does not need to be pointed into the wind.  Turbine Specification :Rated power output

2 kW

RPM of Rotor

180 rpm

 Material : 27

The wind turbine is mounted on roof surface of a train with rigid support. The turbine blade will be made of Stainless Steel. Three monel metal as rod is used to provide mechanical support to swift turbine. The turbine blade is provided or covered with vertical to provide safety from huge wind pressure. The turbine is placed in such a way that it gets maximum support and extracts maximum power from turbine.

 Working of the Unit : - When the train moves with an average speed , the wind turbine attached to it also rotates. - The turbine should be placed in such a way that the wind strikes the blades. This gives the turbine a rotational movement. - The turbine is placed along the path of the wind flow path that is mounted on the train, then the blade rotates and energy is generated. When the train moves, the turbine rotates and this rotational energy can be converted into electrical energy which provides power to the various loads such as fans and lights etc. We can also store the excess change in battery which can be used for further use. - Different types of sensor will be use to voltage control.

 Storage of the Electricity : - The rotational movement of the rotor blade is converted into electrical energy by the generator. - For domestic purposes a permanent magnet generator is used. - Permanent magnet generators use the high-field strength generated by magnets mounted on rotor. Variations on this design put magnets on the stator and let the coils rotate. - The electric energy then can be used in for other domestic uses.

 Application : - We can use the electricity in air condition, fans, lights, etc. - We can also store the excess change in battery which can be used for further use. 28

4.1.2 Costing :Turbine Generator Shaft Battery Total

5000 9000 500 1500 16000

4.1.3 Calculation : According to our research work we found that the basic requirement of Coaches of Indian railway is as follows: Coaches Non – AC coach AC coaches Total (24 Coaches Aprox.)

Power requirement in kW 4.5 2 * 25 250

Usually in a regular express train there is total 24 coaches out of which it contain 3 AC coaches and 13 sleeper, 6 General coaches, 2 Second class Luggage. So Average electrical load is around 240 to 250 kW. Usually the average speed of Different types of trains in Indian railways are : Types Semi High Speed Express Train Passenger

Model AFMPG770

Rated output power KW 10 7.5

Speed (km/hr) 110 70-90 40-60

Rated speed RPM 150 150

Rated output voltage V 400 AC 380 AC

Speed (m/s) 30.55 19.44 13.88

Stator moment Nm...