Final Year Project Report - Design of a Steel Framed Building PDF

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  The Design of a New Administrative Building for the University of Guyana at the Turkeyen Campus. A k o ledge e ts   Acknowledgements are given to the following persons, for their help and guidance throughout this project. Mr. Maxwell Jackson - Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering, F...

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The Design of a New Administrative Building for the University of Guyana at the Turkeyen Campus.

A k o ledge e ts   Acknowledgements are given to the following persons, for their help and guidance throughout this project. Mr. Maxwell Jackson - Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Guyana Dr. Clifton Inniss – Lecturer, Department Civil Engineering Dept, University of Guyana Mr. Akua Alder – Civil Engineer Mr. Steven Jackson – Civil Engineer Mr. Surendra Ramnath – Structural Engineer, Marcel Gaskin and Associates Limited Mr. Dominique Harris – Structural Engineer, Marcel Gaskin and Associates Limited

Rafael Lewis – USI 1006367 Reg # 12/0933/2590

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The Design of a New Administrative Building for the University of Guyana at the Turkeyen Campus.

Ta le of Co te ts  Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... i  List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... iv  List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. v  1.0 

Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 

1.1 

Background ................................................................................................................. 1 

1.2 

Statement of Problem .................................................................................................. 2 

1.3 

Solution to Problem..................................................................................................... 2 

1.4 

Project Title ................................................................................................................. 2 

1.5 

Objectives .................................................................................................................... 2 

1.6 

Scope of Works ........................................................................................................... 2 

2.0 

Literature Review............................................................................................................ 4 

2.1 

Spatial Design ............................................................................................................. 4 

2.2 

Structures ..................................................................................................................... 5 

2.3 

Structural Design ......................................................................................................... 6 

2.4 

Structural Analysis ...................................................................................................... 7 

2.5 

Construction Material .................................................................................................. 8 

2.6 

Cost Estimate............................................................................................................... 9 

3.0 

Steel Structures ............................................................................................................. 10 

3.1 

The advantages of steel ............................................................................................. 10 

3.2 

Design aims ............................................................................................................... 11 

3.2.1 

Technical aims ................................................................................................... 11 

3.2.2 

Architectural aims .............................................................................................. 11 

3.2.3 

Financial aims .................................................................................................... 12 

4.0 

Design Conditions - Site Conditions............................................................................. 13 

4.1 

Regional Prevailing Winds........................................................................................ 13 

4.2 

Wind Speed, Direction and Frequency at Site .......................................................... 14 

4.3 

Seismic Hazard .......................................................................................................... 18 

4.4 

Proposed Location ..................................................................................................... 20 

5.0 

Design Process .............................................................................................................. 21 

5.1 

Step 1: Initial design considerations.......................................................................... 22 

5.1.1 

Number of floors ................................................................................................ 23 

5.1.2 

Stability system .................................................................................................. 23 

5.2 

Step 2: Choice of grids .............................................................................................. 23 

5.3 

Step 3: Preliminary sizing ......................................................................................... 25 

Rafael Lewis – USI 1006367 Reg # 12/0933/2590

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The Design of a New Administrative Building for the University of Guyana at the Turkeyen Campus. 5.4 

Step 4: Analysis......................................................................................................... 26 

5.4.1 

Determining the loads ........................................................................................ 26 

5.5 

Step 5: Element design .............................................................................................. 28 

5.6 

Step 6: Other checks .................................................................................................. 29 

5.6.1 

Sway sensitivity ................................................................................................. 29 

5.6.2 

Fire ..................................................................................................................... 29 

6.0 

Design Specifications.................................................................................................... 30 

6.1 

Load Selection ........................................................................................................... 30 

6.1.1 

Dead Loads (Structural Elements) ..................................................................... 30 

6.1.2 

Dead Loads (Machinery and Building Components) ........................................ 30 

6.1.3 

Live Loads from occupants ................................................................................ 30 

6.1.4 

Wind Loads ........................................................................................................ 30 

6.1.5 

Seismic Loads .................................................................................................... 30 

6.2 

Initial Structural Element Selection .......................................................................... 31 

6.2.1 

Shear Walls ........................................................................................................ 31 

6.2.2 

Beams ................................................................................................................. 31 

6.2.3 

Columns ............................................................................................................. 31 

6.2.4 

Floor Slabs ......................................................................................................... 31 

6.2.5 

Floor Joists ......................................................................................................... 32 

7.0 

Design Methodology ..................................................................................................... 33 

7.1 

Design Code Selection .............................................................................................. 33 

7.1.1 

Loading .............................................................................................................. 33 

7.1.2 

Element Design .................................................................................................. 33 

7.2 

Model Creation .......................................................................................................... 34 

7.2.1 

Structural Physical Model .................................................................................. 36 

7.2.2 

Structural Element Modelling ............................................................................ 37 

7.3 

Beam and Column Design......................................................................................... 38 

7.4 

Model Analysis ......................................................................................................... 55 

7.4.1 

Static Analysis ................................................................................................... 55 

7.4.2 

Stability Analysis ............................................................................................... 55 

7.4.3 

Dynamic Analysis .............................................................................................. 56 

7.5 

8.0 

Element Design Methods .......................................................................................... 56 

7.5.1 

Allowable Stress Design (ASD) ........................................................................ 56 

7.5.2 

Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) ..................................................... 56 

Estimated Budget .......................................................................................................... 58 

Rafael Lewis – USI 1006367 Reg # 12/0933/2590

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The Design of a New Administrative Building for the University of Guyana at the Turkeyen Campus. 9.0 

Availability of Materials ............................................................................................... 62 

10.0  Construction Scheduling ............................................................................................... 62  11.0  Limitations .................................................................................................................... 62  12.0  Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 62  13.0  Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 63  14.0  References ..................................................................................................................... 64  APPENDIX A – Building Information .................................................................................... 65  APPENDIX B – Material Properties ....................................................................................... 66  APPENDIX C – EIA Procedure .............................................................................................. 69 APPENDIX D – Environmental Impact of Steel..................................................................... 97  APPENDIX E - Superseded British Standards ...................................................................... 104  APPENDIX F – Loading for Buildings ................................................................................. 108  APPENDIX G – Fire Safety .................................................................................................. 114  APPENDIX H – Connections ................................................................................................ 119  APPENDIX I - Drawings....................................................................................................... 121 

List of Figu es  Figure 1: Showing Structural Elements. .................................................................................... 5  Figure 2: Showing Structural Combined Element ..................................................................... 6  Figure 3: Typical Cost Breakdown .......................................................................................... 12  Figure 4: North Easterly Trade Winds on the South American Continent (Yellow)............... 13  Figure 5: Map Extract Showing Low Coastal Plains of Guyana (Orange).............................. 14  Figure 6: Showing Annual Wind Rose (Speed Distribution) .................................................. 15  Figure 7: Annual Wind Rose (Frequency Distribution) .......................................................... 16  Figure 8: Monthly Wind Roses (Frequency Distribution) ....................................................... 17  Figure 9: Seismic Hazard Map of South America ................................................................... 18  Figure 10: Seismic Hazard Map of the Caribbean ................................................................... 19  Figure 11: Seismic Hazard Map of Upper South America ...................................................... 19  Figure 12: Map Showing Proposed Location of new Administration Building ...................... 20  Figure 13: Alternate Location for location of Proposed Building ........................................... 20  Figure 14: The Design Process ................................................................................................ 21  Figure 15: Relative merits of floor systems: ............................................................................ 24  Figure 16: Examples of trapezoidal deck profiles up to 60 mm deep ..................................... 32  Figure 17: A 3-D Rendered Model .......................................................................................... 34  Figure 18: A 3D Rendered Model from AutoDesk Revit 2014 ............................................... 35  Figure 19: AutoDesk Revit 2014 Structural Model ................................................................. 36  Figure 20: Layout of Columns ................................................................................................. 37  Figure 21: Layout of Beams .................................................................................................... 37  Figure 22: Flow diagram of the EIA process and parallel studies ........................................... 70  Figure 23: Key stages of EIA................................................................................................... 71  Rafael Lewis – USI 1006367 Reg # 12/0933/2590

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The Design of a New Administrative Building for the University of Guyana at the Turkeyen Campus. Figure 24: A sample of the Table ............................................................................................ 82  Figure 25: Table 2 Ultimate net environmental impact assessment at a glance, Feitsui reservoir .................................................................................................................................................. 83  Figure 26: Graphical comparison of alternatives. The final choice of either option B or option C will depend on the 'weighting' chosen (Source: Ahmad and Sammy, 1985) ....................... 85  Figure 27: Example of network analysis showing the impact of a policy to utilize groundwater by subsidizing tubewells .......................................................................................................... 86  Figure 28: World production of structural metals in 2010, millions of tonnes........................ 98  Figure 29: Historical development and forecast for total world production of steel and slag by year 2050.................................................................................................................................. 99  Figure 30: Steel’s life cycle is a closed eco-cycle ................................................................. 100  Figure 31: Easy-to-grasp description of a Life Cycle Assessment ........................................ 100  Figure 32: Example of data collected for the respective sub-process. ................................... 101  Figure 33: Important stages in the Life Cycle Assessment of a steel structure. .................... 102  Figure 34: Calculation of environmental impact value of a process change. ........................ 103  Figure 35: Some different forms of fire protection to I-section members ............................. 116  Figure 36: Maximum ratios of exposed steel to give 30 minutes fire resistance ................... 116  Figure 37: Strength retention factor for grade 43 steel at elevated temperatures .................. 117  Figure 38: Temperature and stress variation .......................................................................... 117  Figure 39: Limiting temperatures for supporting concrete floors on the upper flange .......... 118  Figure 40: Base Plate Connection .......................................................................................... 119  Figure 41: Beam Column Connection (Major Axis) ............................................................. 119  Figure 42: Beam to Beam Connection ................................................................................... 120  Figure 43: Beam to Column Connection (Minor Axis) ......................................................... 120 

 

List of Ta les  Table 1: Typical floor-to-floor heights .................................................................................... 23  Table 2: Span to depth ratios for different beam solutions ...................................................... 25  Table 3: Typical structural depths (floor to ceiling) ................................................................ 25  Table 4: Typical column sizes for small and medium span composite floors ......................... 26  Table 5: Typical load magnitudes used in building design...................................................... 27  Table 6: Summary of Floor Levels .......................................................................................... 38  Table 7: Estimated Budget ....................................................................................................... 58  Table 8: Example of Pair wise comparison ............................................................................. 84 

 

Rafael Lewis – USI 1006367 Reg # 12/0933/2590

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