ABM 11 FABM1 Q1 W2 Mod3 PDF

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Republ i coft hePhi l i ppi ne s Depar t mentofEducat i on Nat i onalCapi t alRegi on

DI VI SI ON OF CI TY SCHOOLS–MANI LA Mani l aEducat i onCe nt e r Ar r oc er osFor e s t Par kAnt oni oJ.Vi l l eg asSt .Er mi t a,Mani l a

FUNDAMENTALSOFACCOUNTANCY, BUSI NESSAND MANAGEMENT1

Let’s put things in proper…

2 Sour c e:ht t ps: / /www. myac c ount i ngc our se . c om/ac c ount i ngpr i nc i pl e s

Quar t er1Week2Modul e3 Lear ni ngCompet enci es: 1.Expl ai nt hev ar i e dac count i ngc onc ept sand pr i nc i pl es;and

2.Sol v ee xe r c i sesonacc ount i ngpr i nci pl esas i nv ar i ousc as es.

appl i ed

HOW TO USE THI SMODULE? Be f or es t ar t i ngt hemodul e ,Iwanty ou t ose tas i deot hert as k/st hatmay di s t ur by ou whi l eenj oyi ngt hel es sons .Readt hesi mpl ei ns t r uc t i onsbe l ow t o hav esuc c ess f ul l yenj oyedt heobj ec t i v e soft hi ski t .Hav ef un! 1. Fol l ow c ar e f ul l y al lt he cont e nt sand i ns t r uc t i onsi ndi cat e di n e v er ypage oft hi smodul e . 2. Wr i t eon yournot e bookt heconc e pt saboutt hel es sons.Wr i t i ng e nhance sl ear ni ngt hati si mpor t antt odev e l opandkeepi nmi nd. 3.

Per f or m al lpr ovi dedact i vi t i esi nt hemodul e .

4. Le ty our f aci l i t at or /guar di an asse ss y our answer usi ng t he answerke y car d. 5. Anal yz ec onc ept ual l yt he pos tt e s tand appl y whaty ou hav e l ear ned. 6.

Enj oySt udyi ng.

PARTSOFTHE MODULE •

Expec t at i ons - The se ar e what you wi l l be abl et o know af t e r c ompl e t i ngt hel essonsi nt hemodul e .

•

Pr e t es t-Thi swi l lmeasur eyourpr i orknowl edgeandt hec oncept st obe mas t er e dt hr oughoutt hel esson. 1

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Looki ng Bac k t o your Le sson - Thi s sec t i on wi l l meas ur e what l ear ni ngs ‟ ‟ ands ki l l sdi dy ouunder s t andf r om t hepr e vi ousl esson.

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Br i e fI nt r oduc t i on-Thi ssec t i onwi l lgi v ey ouanov e r vi e w oft he l esson.

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Ac t i vi t i es-Thi si sase tofac t i vi t i esyouwi l lper f or m wi t ha

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Re member-Thi ssec t i on summar i z est heconc e pt sand appl i cat i onsof t hel essons .

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Chec k yourUnder s t andi ng -I twi l lv er i f y how you l e ar ne df r om

par t ner .

t he

l esson.

EXPECTATIONS Thi s modul e was wr i t t en f or you t o acc ompl i s h at home .I t was car e f ul l y de si gned so t hat y ou can wor k at your own pac e and al l ow s e l f di scov er y of t he c onc ept t hr ough ac t i vi t i e st hat you wi l l per f or m. Ac t i vi t i eswe r eal sose l ec t edt oal l ow i ndepe ndentl ear ni ngwhi c hal s oai mst o dev e l op your r e adi ng c ompr e hensi on s ki l l st hr ough unde r s t andi ng t he wr i t t ent ext s . Af t ergoi ngt hr ought hemodul e ,y ouar ee xpe c t edt o: 1.e xpl ai nt hev ar i e dac count i ngconc ept sandpr i nci pl es ,and 2.s ol v eexer c i s esonac count i ngpr i nci pl esasappl i edi nvar i ouscases .

PR E -TEST I .I dent i ficat i on Di r ect i ons:Readcar e f ul l yandi de nt i f yt hef ol l owi ngc once pt si nac c ount i ng. Hi s t or i calCos tConce pt1.Undert hi sc once pt ,asse t sar ei ni t i al l yr e cor dedat t hei rac qui si t i onc os t Goi ngConcer n2.Undert hi sc once pt ,t hebus i nessi sassumedt ocont i nuet o e xi s tf orani ndefini t epe r i odoft i me .

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Ac c ount i ngConcept s3.Thi sr e f er st oa s e tofl ogi cali deasand pr ocedur e s us ed as gui de f orac count anti nr e cor di ng and c ommuni cat i ng e conomi c i nf or mat i on. Bus i ness Ent i t y Conce pt 4.Unde rt hi sc onc ept ,t he bus i ness i st r eat e d se par at e l yf r om i t sowner st her ef or e ,onl yt het r ans ac t i onsoft hebusi ness ar er ec or dedi nt heacc ount i ngbooks . Expenser ecogni t i on( Mat chi ngpr i nc i pl es) 5.Undert hi sc onc ept ,somecos t s ar ei ni t i al l yr e cogni z edasas se t sandr e c ogni z edonl yasexpens eswhen t he r e l at e dr ev enuei sr e c ogni z ed. I I .TRUE orFALSE Di r ect i ons:Be f or eeac hs t at ement ,wr i t eTRUE i ft hes t at e menti sc or r ec tor FALSE i ft hes t at e me nti si nc or r ec t . TRUE 1)Ac c ount i ngconcept sand pr i nc i pl espr ovi der e as onabl eassur ance t hati nf or mat i onc ommuni cat e dt ouser si spr epar e di napr operway . TRUE 2)Theappl i c at i on oft hes epar at eent i t yconc e pti snec es sar ysot hat t hefinanc i alposi t i on and pe r f or manceofa busi nessc annotbemeasur e d pr oper l y . FALSE3)Thes ynonymoust e r m ofgoi ngc oncer ni sl i qui dat i ngc onc er n. TRUE 4)Ac c ount i ngconc ept sser v east hebedr oc kofac count i ngpr ac t i ce . FALSE 5)Ac c ount i ng conv ent i ons ar e ac count i ng c onc ept st hat ar ei n e xi s t e nc eandusedf oral ongper i odoft i me . TRUE 6)Ac c ount i ngpr i nci pl esar et hes ameasas sumpt i ons. TRUE 7) Ac c r ual basi s and goi ng c onc er n ar e under l yi ng ac c ount i ng ass umpt i ons . TRUE 8)The ac cr ualconc e pt f oc uses on de t e r mi ni ng t he ac t ualcas h r ecei pt sandcashdi sbur s eme nt si ne achac count i ngper i od. TRUE 9)Undert hegoi ng c once r nc oncept ,t heas se t soft hebusi nes sar e car r i edi ni t sbooksatc ur r e ntmar ke tv al ue . TRUE 10)Themai n pur poseoft hes epar at ee nt i t yc oncepti st or e por tt he t r ueandf ai rpi c t ur eoft hebusi nessfinanci alaffai r s . •Sour c e:Fer r erR. C.et . al .( 2017) .Fundament al sofAc c ount anc y,Busi nes sandManagementpar t1,Bandol i n Ent er pr i se,( Publ i shi ngandPr i nt i ng)BakekangSur ,Bagui oCi t y Sour c e:Fer r erR. C.et . al .( 2017) .Fundament al sofAc c ount anc y,Busi ne s sandManagementpar t1,Bando l i nEnt er pr i se ,( Publ i shi ngand Pr i nt i ng)Bake kangSur ,Bagui oCi t y

LOOKI NG BACK TO YOUR LESSON Ar eyour e adyt ol e ar nmor e ?Justenj oyl e ar ni ng!

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Di r ect i ons: The f ol l owi ng t er ms wer e di sc ussed and under s t ood i nt he pr e vi oust opi c.Readcar e f ul l yandc ompl e t et hef ol l owi ngsent e nc e s. 1.Fi nanci alacc ount i ngf oc useson t hei nf or mat i on needsofext e r naluser s, whi l emanagementacc ount i ngf ocus eson t hei nf or mat i on ne edsofi nt e r nal us er s . The r ear emaj oruser sofac count i ngi nt hebusi nes senvi r onment s.The se ar e :2.I nt e r nal ;3.Ext e r naluse r s.Account i ngi nf or mat i onmaybee i t her( a) gener alor( b)speci alpur pose . Gene r alpur poseacc ount i ngi nf or mat i on i spr ovi dedbyfinanc i alaccount i ng and i s pr e par e d pr i mar i l yf or4.a)Ext e r nalusers ‟ whi l es peci alpur pose ac count i ng i nf or mat i on i s pr ovi ded by managementac c ount i ng or ot he r br anc he sofac count i ngandi spr epar edpr i mar i l yf or4.b)I nt e r nalus er s. 5. Busi nessowner sThe ses t ake hol der sar er e sponsi bl et oov er s eet heov er al l pe r f or manc eoft hewhol eor g ani z at i onandse ti t ss t r at egi cdi r ec t i on. I fyoudon’ thavepr obl emsonModul e2,s t ar tdoi ngModul e3,buti fyouhave , ki ndl yaskhel pf r om yourt eac her .Goodl uc kandenj oyl ear ni ng!

BRIEF INTRODUCTION Account i ngConcept sandPr i nci pl es The r ear es ev e r alc onc e pt sand pr i nci pl esused i n ac count i ngt hatwi l lhe l p y our e adandunde r s t andt hefinanci ali nf or mat i onofacompany . Di r ect i ons:Readcar e f ul l yt hes t at e ment s .The r ear er ul esandassumpt i ons t hatmus tbef ol l owed f r om t hepr e par at i on offinanc i als t at ement s .Wecal l t hem “ The Pr i nc i pl es of Ac c ount i ng” . Le ts ‟ anal yse and ev al uat et he pr i nci pl es . Mat ch col umn A t o col umn B.Wr i t ey ouransweron t hes pac epr ovi ded be f or eeac hnumbe r . #

Col um A

Col um B

G

1

Bus i nessent i t y

A 1y earper i od

I

2

Mone t ar y uni t pr i nci pl e

B Thef ur ni t ur ehaddepr e ci at i onv al ue

4

D

3

Obj e c t i vi t ypr i nc i pl e C Her e cei v e dat amper e dr ece i pt

E

4

Cos tpr i nc i pl e

D Ri ca r e ce i ve dt hei rr e ce i ptc omi ngf r om cashr e gi s t e r

A

5

Ti meper i od pr i nci pl e

E The cash r egi s t e rpr ovi dest he dat eof pur c has e,t ax due ,i t e m‟s par t i cul ar , andpr i c e

F

6

Mat chi ngpr i nc i pl e

F Foodr e pr esent at i onf ort hegue s t

7

Ac c r ualac c ount i ng G Thebusi nessmandeposi t e d20% oft he pr i nci pl e busi nessr ev enueon busi ne ssac count att hebank

C

8

Conser v at i s m pr i nci pl e

H

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Mat er i al i t ypr i nc i pl e I Mar i a,a Fi l i pi na, l i ve si n U. S. A. ,she madea financ i alr epor ti n dol l arev en t hough t hey had some c l i ent si nt he Phi l i ppi nes

B

10 Goi ngconcer n pr i nci pl e

K

11 Di sc l osur epr i nci pl e K Ri c kyr ecor ded t hebr oken mat e r i al she r ecei v edt wowe e ksago

J

H The c hai r mus tdepr e ci at e ev e r y year andmus tc ondemnev er yt hr e ey ear s

J The acc ount ant r ec or ded t he i ncome ande xpens esoft hecompany

Ar ey oudoneanswer i ngt hei t e ms ?Le ts ‟ anal yset hem. 1.Busi nessent i t y pr i nci pl e:Fore xampl e ,“ t heownerdeposi t ed 20% oft he busi nessr e v enueonbusi nessac c ountatt heABC Bank.“Ther ewoul dbea s epar at i on ofper s onalcas ht obusi ne ssear ni ng. Thepr i nc i pl eofbusi ness e nt i t ypr i nci pl eorsepar at eent i t yc once pt ss t at e st hatabus i nesse nt er pr i se i ss epar at eanddi s t i nc tf r om i t sownerori nv es t or .Forexampl ei ft heowner hasabar bershop,t hec ashoft hebar bershopshoul dber epor t edsepar at e l y f r om per sonalc ash oft he owner .However ,t he expenses t hatc ome f r om a mee t i ngwi t hac l i entshoul dbepar toft hec ompany’ sexpenses.I ft heowner pai df orgas f orhi s per sonaluse ,i tshoul d notbe i nc l uded as par toft he c ompany’ sexpenses . 2.Monet ar y uni tpr i nci pl e:Fore xampl e,“ Mar i a,a Fi l i pi na,l i v esi n U. S. A. , s hemadeafinanci alr epor ti n dol l arev en t hough t he yhad s omec l i e nt si n t hePhi l i ppi nes ”becauset heconc ept sandpr i nci pl esof mone t ar yuni tsai d ac count s shoul d be s t at e di n si ngl e mone t ar y uni twher et he acc ount s s houl d be r epor t e d.Anot he r exampl e ,ABM Re t ai l i ng St or e shoul dr epor t 5

financ i alst at ement si npesoseveni ft heyhaveas t or ei nt heUni t edSt at es;or I HOPshoul dr epor tfinanc i als t at ement si ndol l ar seveni ft heyhaveabr anc h her ei nt hePhi l i ppi nes . 3.Obj ect i vi t ypr i nci pl e:Forexampl e ,“ Ri car e cei v e dar ec ei ptcomi ngf r om t he cash r egi s t e r . ”As perc onc e pt s and pr i nci pl es ofobj ec t i vi t y ,t he financi al s t at e me nt smus tbepr e sent e d wi t hs uppor t i ngevi denc e .Exampl ei s when t hec ust omerpai dCompanyXYZf oror der s;t hec ompanyshoul dhaveac opy of t he r ec ei pt t or epr e sent as evi denc e . When a company i nc ur r e d a t r ans por t at i one xpe ns e ,av ouc he rs houl dbepr epar edasevi dence . 4.Cos tpr i nci pl et ot he s t at ementi s ,whe nt hecas hr e gi s t e rpr ovi dest he dat eofpur c hase ,t axdue ,i t em‟spar t i c ul ar ,andpr i ce .Asperc oncept sand pr i nci pl esofc os tpr i nci pl e ,t heac c ount sshoul dber ecor dedi ni t i al l yatcos t . Ot he re xampl e:*When CompanyX buysa c ash r egi s t ermac hi ne;i tshoul d r ec or dt hemac hi neati t spr i c ewhent heyboughti t . 5.Ti me per i od pr i nci pl e.Account i ngc onc ept sand pr i nci pl e sdefinet i meor per i odi n whi c ht hefinanci als t at e ment sar et obedi vi dedi nt os peci fict i me i nt er val s . For exampl e The Phi l i ppi ne c ompani e s ar er equi r ed t or epor t financ i al s t at ement s annual l y of t he sal ar y expenses f r om Januar yt o Dec ember2015 shoul d onl y be r epor t ed i n 2015.―A 1 yearper i od‖ c yc l e mus tbeobser ved. 6.Mat chi ngpr i nci pl et ot hes t at e ment“ f oodr e pr e sent at i onf ort hegue s t . ”The pr i nci pl er e f er st oas i t uat i oni n whi c ht hecos tshoul dbemat c he dwi t ht he r ev enuegener at e d.Anot he rexampl ei swhenyoupr ov i det ut or i alser vi c e st oa c us t omerand t her ei sa t r ans por t at i on c osti nc ur r ed r e l at ed t ot he t ut or i al ser v i c es ,i tshoul dber ec or dedasanexpensef ort hatper i od. 7.Accr ualaccount i ng pr i nci pl et ot he s t at eme nt ,“ an acc ount antr ec or de d t hei nc omeandexpe ns esr egar dl e ssofpayment sandc ol l ec t i onsdat es . ”The ac count i ng pr i nci pl e ofac count i ng on ac cr ualac count i ng s ays,r ev enue s houl d be r ec ogni z ed whe n ear ne dr eg ar dl e ss ofcol l e c t i on,and expens es s houl d be r e cogni z ed when i nc ur r e dr e gar dl es s ofpayment .On t he ot her hand,t hecash basi spr i nci pl ei n whi c hr ev enuei sr e c or ded whe nc ol l ec t ed and expenses shoul d be r e cor ded when pai d.Ot he r exampl ei s when a bar berfini shesper f or mi nghi sser vi c e s,heshoul dr ec or di tasr evenue.When t hebar bershop r ec ei vesan e l ec t r i c i t y bi l l ,i tshoul dr ec or di tasan expense eveni fi ti sunpai d.

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8.Cons er vat i sm pr i nci pl et ot hes t at ement ,“ her e cei v ed at amper e dr ec ei pt ” . TheCons er vat i sm pr i nci pl ei s al so known as pr udence .I n case ofdoubt , asse t sand i nc omeshoul d notbeov er s t at e d whi l el i abi l i t i esand expenses s houl d notbe under s t at e d.Anot he r exampl e:I nc ase ofdoubt ,expenses shoul d be r ec or ded ata hi gheramount .Revenue shoul d be r ec or ded ata l oweramount . 9.Mat er i al i t y pr i nci pl et ot he s t at ement ,“ t he chai r of a s t udent mus t de pr e ci at eev er yy earandmus tcondemne v er yt hr eey ear s. ”Thepr i nci pl eof mat er i al i t ysayst hati n caseas se t sar ei mmat e r i alt omakea di ffer e nc ei n t he financ i al s t at eme nt s ,t he company s houl di ns t e ad r e cor di t as an e xpens e .Anot he re xampl ei s whe n a schoolpur c has ed an er aserwi t h an e s t i mat e duse f ull i f eoft hr e ey ear s .Si ncean er aseri si mmat e r i alr e l at i v et o asse t s ,i tshoul dber ec or dedasane xpe ns e. 10. Goi ng concer n pr i nci pl et ot he s t at eme nt ,“ t he f ur ni t ur e had a de pr e ci at i onv al ueordowngr adedv al ue . ”Thepr i nc i pl eofgoi ngconc er nsays t hatbus i nessi se xpec t ed t o cont i nuei ndefini t e l y .Anot he rexampl e:When pr epar i ng financ i al s t at ement s, you shoul d as sume t hat t he ent i t y wi l l c ont i nuei ndefini t e l y. 11. Di scl osur e pr i nci pl et ot he s t at ement“ Ri c ky r ecor ded t he br oke n mat er i al sher e ce i v edt wowe e ksago. ”Theac count i ngpr i nci pl es ayst hati na di sc l os ur e pr i nci pl e , al lr e l evant and mat e r i al i nf or mat i on shoul d be r epor t e d. Answer :1)g, 2)i . 3)d,4)e, 5)a, 6)f ,7)j , 8)c, 9)h, 10)b.

ACTIVITIES Di r ect i on:Le t „ sappl yt hebas i cac c ount i ngc oncept sandpr i nci pl e s.Ki ndl y i dent i f yt heconc eptorpr i nc i pl et hatc or r e s pondst oeac hs t at e ment .Choose f r om t heboxbe l ow. 1.Dur i ngt hey ear ,you s t ar t e dabusi nessofse l l i ngper s onal i z edmugsandTs hi r t .You opened asepar at ebank acc ountf ort hebus i nessand deposi t ed y ouri ni t i ali nv es t mentofPhp250, 000. 00t ot hi sac c ount . Separ at eent i t y. 2.Thebusi nessac qui r ed a pr i nt i ngmac hi ne.Ther egul ars e l l i ngpr i c ei sPhp 100, 000. 00;howev er ,youwer eabl et oac qui r ei tatadi sc ount e dpr i c eofPhp

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90, 000. 00.You wi l lr e cor dt he mac hi ne at i t s ac qui si t i on c os t ofPhp 90, 000. 00.Hi st or i calc os t . 3.Thebusi nessacqui r edi ni t i ali nv ent or yofmugsandTshi r tf ort het ot alc os t ofPhp50, 000. 00.You wi l lr e cor dt hecos tasanasse t( i . e .i nv e nt or y)r at he r t hanase xpens e .Mat chi ngconcept . 4.Thei nv ent or i eswer esol doncr edi tf orPhp300, 000. 00.Youwi l li mme di at e l y r ec or dt hec r e di tsal e sasac count sr ec ei v abl er at hert han wai t i ngf ort he m t obec ol l ec t e d.Ac c r ualac c ount i ngpr i nci pl e 5.Al so,you wi l lnow r ec or dt hePhp 50, 000. 00 c os tofi nv ent or yasexpense . Mat chi ngpr i nc i pl e•

Mat c hi ng c oncept , Ac cr ual basi s, Mat c hi ng c onc ept , Hi s t or i cal cos t , Busi ne ssent i t yc oncept ,Obj e c t i vi t yc once pt

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDI NG A.Conceptcheck.Pl easeanswe rt hef ol l owi ngmul t i pl ec hoi ceque s t i ons . Enc i r c l et hec or r e ctans wer . 1.Theacc ount i nggui de l i net hatr e qui r e sfinanc i als t at e menti nf or mat i on t o be suppor t ed by i ndependent ,unbi ased evi denc e ot hert han s ome one' s be l i e foropi ni oni st he:E a.Busi nessent i t ypr i nci pl e b.Mone t ar yuni tpr i nc i pl e c .Goi ngconc er npr i nci pl e d.Cos tpr i nc i pl e e .Obj e c t i vi t ypr i nci pl e 2.Thepr i nci pl et hatr e qui r e se v er ybus i nesst obeac c ount e dsepar at e l yand di s t i nc t l yf r om i t sowner /si sknownast he :B a.Obj ec t i vi t ypr i nci pl e b.Busi nessent i t ypr i nci pl e c .Goi ngconc er npr i nci pl e d.Re v enuer ec ogni t i onpr i nc i pl e e .Cos tpr i nc i pl e 3.Ther ul et hatr equi r e st hefinanci als t at e ment st or e flec tt heas sumpt i on t hatt hebusi ne sswi l lc ont i nueoper at i ngi ns t e ad ofbei ngc l osedorsol d,

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unl esse vi denceshowst hati twi l lnotcont i nue ,i st he: a.Goi ngc onc er n pr i nci pl eA b.Busi nessent i t ypr i nci pl e c .Obj e c t i vi t ypr i nci pl e d.Cos tPr i nc i pl e e .Mone t ar yuni tpr i nc i pl e 4.To i nc l ude t he per s onalas se t s and t r ansac t i ons oft he owne ri nt he r ec or dsandr epor t soft hebusi nesswoul dbei nc onfli c twi t ht he :C a.Obj ec t i vi t ypr i nci pl e b.Real i z at i onpr i nci pl e c .Busi nessent i t ypr i nci pl e d.Goi ngc oncer npr i nci pl e e .Rev enuer ecogni t i onpr i nci pl e 5.Theobj ec t i vi t ypr i nc i pl emeanst hatase tof :A a.i nf or mat i oni ssuppor t edbyi ndepe ndent ,unbi asedevi denc e . b.i nf or mat i oncanbebasedonwhatt hepr epar e rt hi nksi st r ue . c .financi als t at eme nt sshoul dcont ai ni nf or mat i ont hati sopt i mi s t i c . d.abusi nes smaynotr e or g ani z er ev enueunt i lcas hi sr e c ei v ed. 6.Mar i an Mose l yi st he owner of Mos e l y Ac c ount i ng Ser vi ce s. Whi c h ac count i ng pr i nci pl er equi r e s Mar i an t o keep he r pe r sonal financi al i nf or mat i on t o be separ at e df r om t he financ i ali nf or mat i on ofMose l y Ac c ount i ngSer vi c es ?D a.Mone t ar yuni tpr i nc i pl e b.Goi ngc oncer npr i nci pl e c .Cos tpr i nc i pl e d.Bus i nessent i t ypr i nci pl e 7.Whi c h oft hef ol l owi ngac c ount i ngpr i nc i pl eswoul dr equi r et hatal lg oods andser vi c espur c hase ds houl dber e cor dedatc os t ?C a.Goi ngc oncer npr i nci pl e b.Cont i nui ngc oncer npr i nci pl e c .Cos tpr i nc i pl e d.Bus i nessent i t ypr i nci pl e Sour c e:Fer r erR. C.et . al .( 2017) .Fundament al sofAc c ount anc y,Busi nessandManagementpar t1,Bandol i n Ent er pr i se,( Publ i shi ngandPr i nt i ng)BakekangSur ,Bagui oCi t y Sour c e:Fer r erR. C.et . al .( 2017) .Fundament al sofAc c ount anc y,Busi ne s sandManagementpar t1,Bando l i nEnt er pr i se ,( Publ i shi ngand Pr i nt i ng)Bake kangSur ,Bagui oCi t y

B.Mat chi ng Type.Mat ch t he f ol l owi ng acc ount i ng pr i nci pl es wi t ht hei r de fini t i ons .Wr i t eonl yt hel e t t e ront hes pacepr ovi ded. a.Goi ngc onc er npr i nci pl e e .Ti meper i od 9

h.Mone t ar yuni t

b.Obj e c t i vi t ypr i nci pl e

f .Cos tpr i nc i pl e

i .Ac cr ualac c ount i ng

c .Mat...