Activity 1 - me lab PDF

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II. OBJECTIVES: To discuss calibration To define the Pressure and Temperature Measurement Identify the types and uses of pressure and temperature measuring instruments Perform the calibration procedure of pressure and measurement instruments. V. PROCEDURE:1What is calibration of Pressure GaugeThe ac...

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II. OBJECTIVES: 1. To discuss calibration 2. To define the Pressure and Temperature Measurement 3. Identify the types and uses of pressure and temperature measuring instruments 4. Perform the calibration procedure of pressure and measurement instruments. V. PROCEDURE: 1What is calibration of Pressure Gauge The act of the comparison and the recording of noted values on a certificate are called Calibration. It does not normally include corrective adjustment. On the other hand Basic pressure gauge calibration is the comparison of measurement values of a unit under test with those of a more accurate calibrated reference instrument. This instrument is normally traceable to National Standards. Its importance is even the highest quality instruments are subject to drift over time, resulting in inaccurate measurements and substandard performance. It is very important that all instruments are calibrated by trained, competent and approved personnel. Calibration intervals and error limits should be defined and records of the calibration results should be kept, maintaining instrument integrity. Also Neglecting calibration can result in unplanned production downtime, inferior products, or process quality issues. In addition, allowing instruments that are critical to the process to drift out of specification could potentially result in a risk to employee safety. The cost of calibration is normally insignificant compared to the potential production or injury costs.

2 Show and draw different Pressure Gauge devices • The Barometer

A barometer is an instrument that is used for measuring atmospheric pressure, it is also called barometric pressure.

• Piezometer

Piezometers is an instrument that is used to measure underground water pressure

• Manometers

A manometer is an instrument that is used to measure gas pressures. • Bourdon Gauge

Bourdon Gauge is an instrument for measuring the pressure of gases or liquids,

• The Diaphragm Pressure Gauge

Diaphragm Pressure Gauge is an instrument that uses a diaphragm with a known pressure to measure pressure in a fluid.

3 Show the step by step Procedure of Pressure Gauge calibration. Bourdon Gauge is an instrument for measuring the pressure of gases or liquids,

• Micro Manometer

Micro Manometer are instruments used to measure gas pressures but are specially designed to minimize capillary effects and meniscus reading errors. 3. Show the step by step Procedure of Pressure Gauge calibration. Step1 first thing to do is to file the mass and cross-sectional area of the weight platform and plunger. Hence, the details are written on the label fixed to the apparatus. Step2 Make an empty table of result. Step3 To get accurate measurement you must check the tube or cylinder and ensure that you have no trapped air in there and ensure that the apparatus is level. Step5 On the weight platform add the weights that is approximately eight increments up to a maximum of 5.2 kg. Do not exceed 5.2 kg. Take note that always load the masses gradually and do not drop then into the platform. Then record the pressure gauge reading as each mass is added. To prevent the piston sticking, rotate the piston gently as each mass is added.

Step6 Remove the masses that you add but it should be in the reverse order as you added them. Record the pressure gauge reading as you remove each mass. Step7 Plot graphs of the gauge pressure reading and the applied pressure. This is important if you are doing bench calibration and intend to generate a calibration certificate after the calibration exercise. 4 What do you mean by Pressure Gauge Calibration? Pressure gauges are very common instruments in the process industry. As with any measurement device, pressure gauges need to be calibrated at regular intervals to assure they are accurate. so Pressure Gauge Calibration is of the comparison and the recording of noted values on a certificate or the comparison of measurement values of a unit under test your gauge with those of a more accurate calibrated reference instrument Calibration intervals as specified by the manufacturer are normally followed until the user can assign calibration intervals based on the history of previous calibration results. In addition, calibration is often required with a new instrument, or when an instrument may have been subjected to an unexpected shock or vibration that may have put it out of its specified limits. Take note that There are many factors influencing calibration. Listed below are a few of the most common that may influence the calibration of gauges in the class 0,25%, 1% and 1,6%. 5 What is Temperature Calibration? Temperature calibration is modifying the accuracy of a temperature measuring device. So when you calibrate a temperature measuring device, usually a thermometer of some sort, by checking its reading against a very accurate device that is known to be correct. Any difference in the reading indicates that your device needs to be calibrated to read the same as the standard device. Sometimes the thermometer is one that is entirely mechanical and depends on the expansion or contraction of a liquid. At other times, it is a digital device. Also Temperature calibration refers to the calibration of any device used in a system that measures temperature. Most importantly, this usually means the temperature sensor, itself, which is typically a platinum resistance thermometer (PRT or PT-100), thermistor, or thermocouple. Readings from these thermometers are made by “thermometer readout” devices which measure their electrical outputs and convert them to temperature according to the international temperature scale. 6 Show step by step Procedure of Temperature calibration. Step1 Take an enough room to prepare your work place, where you will lay out the meters and all thermometers as well as your bucket of water and notebook.

Step2 then start up the electronic meters and warm them up at approximately 15 min. or until the temperature stabilizes • In room temperature calibration Step1 In the room temp water you must place all the thermometers and the Electronic meter probes. You need to keep the thermometers and probes approximately in the center of the water and off the bottom. Stir the water continuously and watch the temperature readings on the electronic meters to stabilize. Step2 Start to file the water temperatures from each meter and the NIST temperature at time of reading on the data sheet. Record meter readings to the nearest 0.1 degree and NIST readings to nearest 0.01. Step3 On the data sheet, File the stick temperature thermometer readings. As before record NIST readings at the same time. You want to read the temps while the tips are in the water to the nearest whole degree. Remember to continuously stir the water to maintain consistent temperature throughout the water. • In Ice Bath Calibration Check Procedure Step1 Provide an about one and a half ice to water, this is needed in preparing the ice bath Step2 On the ice bath, Place the digital and air thermometers, as well as any meter probes into it. Then continuously stir the ice water. Look for the digital thermometer to read as close to zero as possible. add more ice and mix, If it is warmer. Step3 For stability, examine the electronic meters again and file the water temperatures to the nearest 0.1 degree. Again, for comparison, file the NIST thermometer. To maintain even temperatures stir the water, adding ice if you move above zero on the digital thermometer. Step4 On the data sheet file the stick thermometer readings, to the nearest whole degree, keeping the tips in the water while you take the readings. Make sure the data sheet is completely filled in with your initials and the date. Step5 Any instrument that doesn’t pass its QC test should be Notified to the staff. Step6 Any unused ice should be put back to the freezer Step7 File your data sheet in the calibration notebook behind the “completed data sheets” tab, with the most recent data sheet on top.

VIIII. ANALYSIS: After performing the calibration procedure on different types and uses of pressure and temperature measuring instruments the students now clearly understand and visualize the different types and uses of pressure and temperature measuring instruments, also they are now able to perform calibration procedure of it. Students are now understand the use and how to perform calibration procedure on pressure measuring instruments such as, Hydrostatic gauges that have a poor dynamic response, its use is compare pressure to the hydrostatic force per unit area at the base of a column of fluid. Also student understands that with a spring Piston-type gauges counterbalance the pressure of a fluid or a solid weight, it also may be used for calibration of other gauges in which case it is known as a deadweight tester and may be used for calibration of other gauges. They also understand that Liquid-column gauge is consisting of a column of liquid in a tube whose ends are exposed to different pressures. In Liquid-column gauges the column rises or falls until it is in equilibrium with the pressure differential between the two ends of the tube. On the other hand Students also understand the use and how to perform calibration procedure on temperature measuring instruments like, Thermocouples which is an electrical device that consist of two dissimilar electrical conductors that forms electrical junctions at differing temperatures. As a result of the thermoelectric effect thermocouple produces a temperature-dependent voltage, and this voltage can be interpreted to measure temperature. It is widely used type of temperature sensor. student also understands that Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors, are sensors used to measure temperature. Many RTD elements consist of a length of fine wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core but other constructions are also used. The RTD wire is a pure material, typically platinum, nickel, or copper. With this acquired knowledge students now clearly understand and visualize the different types and uses of pressure and temperature measuring instruments, also to perform calibration procedure of it.

REFERENCE: https://www.instrumentation.co.za/8933a#:~:text=Basic%20pressure%20gauge %20calibration%20is,more%20accurate%20calibrated%20reference %20instrument.&text=The%20purpose%20of%20calibration%20is,working%20of%20a %20particular%20instrument. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/barometer/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/piezometer https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-manometer-605877 https://www.dictionary.com/browse/bourdon-tube-gauge https://www.hunker.com/13409253/how-do-diaphragm-pressure-gauges-work https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/micromanometer https://presentgroup.com.au/temperature-calibration/ https://us.flukecal.com/products/temperature-calibration#:~:text=Temperature %20calibration%20refers%20to%20the,)%2C%20thermistor%2C%20or %20thermocouple....