Activity 4 - Actvities PDF

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Warning: TT: undefined function: 32MS. MICHELLE HSIAO1CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY Feces contain variety of objects that may mistake for intestinal protozoa and helminth eggs. MATERIALS: Gloves Glass slides Wooden spatula/ tongue depressor Compound microscope Applicator stick Normal saline solution Lugol’...

Description

LAB

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY

ACTIVITY #4: IDENTIFICATION OF OBJECTS MISTAKEN FOR PARASITES  Feces contain variety of objects that may mistake for intestinal protozoa and helminth eggs. MATERIALS: • Gloves • Glass slides • Wooden spatula/ tongue depressor • Compound microscope • Applicator stick

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Normal saline solution Lugol’s iodine Stool sample Droppers Disinfectant

PROCEDURE 1. 2.

MS. MICHELLE HSIAO

FECAL ARTIFACTS  can be mistaken for intestinal protozoa and helminth eggs  Knowledge and adequate training can differentiate characteristics of artifacts from parasite. OBEJCTS MISTAKEN FOR PARASITE • Yeast • Oil droplets • Air bubbles • Starch granules • Pollen grains • Crystals • Fungal spores • Cotton fibers

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Vegetable cells Vegetable fibers Stone cells Plant hairs Meat fibers WBCs RBCs Epithelial cells

Prepare a DFS in NSS & Lugol’s Iodine Solution Examine smears microscopically using LPO (10x) & HPO (40x) for objects listed in the laboratory manual.

WASTE MANAGEMENT: WASTE GENERATED

RBC’s, Yeast cells and Cysts METHODS OF DISPOSAL

Pipettes/ droppers

Disinfect with 10% hypochlorite at least 1 hour

Disposable gloves and mask

Dispose in plastic bag container, throw in infectious bin (labeled for gloves)

Fecal specimen

Disinfect with lysol at least 2 hours, place the culture in standard yellow plastic bag (labeled infectious waste), throw to infectious bin. Place in a container for sharps containing 10% hyperchlorite

Glass slide and cover slips (broken and unbroken)

1 MLS 2B

MUYCO, Ma. Christy M.

LAB

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY

Air Bubbles, fat globules/oil droplets, starch granules mistaken as CYCTS

PMN’s and Amoebic Cysts and Blastocytis spp.

Amoebic trophozoites, Epithelial Cells and Macrophages

MS. MICHELLE HSIAO G. lamblia cysts, Yeast cells and Fungal Spores

Ascaris eggs, Hookworm eggs, Stone Cells and Vegetable cells

Strongyloides larva, Plant Hair and Cotton Fiber

2 MLS 2B

MUYCO, Ma. Christy M.

LAB

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY

Taenia spp. Eggs and Pollen Grains

MS. MICHELLE HSIAO

NON PARASITIC STRUCTURES IN THE STOOL  Non parasitic objects may be misidentified as parasites. The differentiation of most common pseudoparasites is as follow:  Protozoan Cysts: may be confused with air bubbles, fat globules or yeast. o Iodine should be added to the wet preparation so that the internal structure of the cysts is stained and identifiable.

Meat fibers and Vegetable fibers

 Fungal spore may be mistaken as Amoebic cysts or G. lamblia cyst  Leukocyte nucleus may be mistaken as karyosome of Cysts.

Crystals in the stool

 Amoebic trophozoites: must be differentiated from non-pathogenic protozoan trophozoites and macrophages • Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar must be motile and hematophagus (ingets RBCs). 3 MLS 2B

MUYCO, Ma. Christy M.

LAB •

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY

MS. MICHELLE HSIAO

Macrophages found in cases of intestinal amoebiasis are distinguishable from amoebic trophozoites by possessing a larger nucleus and, although they are haematophagus, they are only motile for a very short time. Their pseudopodia are small, blunt and granular.

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Strongyloides or hookworm larvae can be confused with hair or vegetable fibers. The latter are usually tapered at one end and the other being blunt and with no internal structure • Free living nematode larvae may be found in concentrates if contaminated water is used.

 Ova, their general shape, except for Enterobius , is perfectly symmetrical, distinguishable them from varies objects found in stools.  Trichuris and Taenia ova may be confused with pollen grains.  Ascaris ova may be confused with vegetable cells, the latter having smooth, thick walls but irregular shape. 4 MLS 2B

MUYCO, Ma. Christy M.

LAB

CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY

 Fasciola ova resemble vegetable cells.  Insect and may be found in stools as spurious infection. Mite eggs may be confused with hookworm eggs.  Dipylidium caninum eggs sacs can look similar to vegetable cells.  Other structure found in stool are crystals, Charcot-Leyden are the breakdown products of eosinophil cells and may be present in stools or sputum.  Starch granules are sometimes seen in stool. When undigested, they appear as concentric rings and stain blue with iodine, when partially digested, they stain red.

MS. MICHELLE HSIAO ADDITIONAL NOTES:  Yeast o o

Oval, often with buds, often contain eccentric cluster of 3-6 small granules. Some related forms of yeast are rectangular, with a very clear oval cytoplasm inside: arthrospores.

 Plant cell o May confused with helminthes eggs

 RBCs and Starch granules

5 MLS 2B

MUYCO, Ma. Christy M....