Advent of the National Hero PDF

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... Advent of the National Hero Chapter 1 Dr. Jose P. Rizal Spoke over 20 languages Not only a hero and political martyr Many-splendored genius A man with many talents RIZAL: A MANY-SPLENDORED GENIUS PHYSICIAN He treated several patients afflicted not only with eye diseases. OPHTHALMOLOGIST He gradu...

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. . . Advent of the National Hero Chapter 1 • Dr. Jose P. Rizal • Spoke over 20 languages • Not only a hero and political martyr • Many-splendored genius • A man with many talents • RIZAL: A MANY-SPLENDORED GENIUS • PHYSICIAN He treated several patients afflicted not only with eye diseases. • OPHTHALMOLOGIST He graduated in an ophthalmologic college in Spain. • RIZAL: A MANY-SPLENDORED GENIUS • POET Rizal wrote over 35 poems including his famous Ultimo Adios. • HISTORIAN His annotation of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas entitled him as one. • RIZAL: A MANY-SPLENDORED GENIUS • FARMER-BUSINESSMAN He had a partner in Dapitan in the Abaca business there (1892-1896). • SCULPTOR His works of his father and of Father Guerrico, S. J. typified his sculptural ability. • RIZAL: A MANY-SPLENDORED GENIUS • CARTOGRAPHER He drew maps of Dapitan, The Philippines and other places he visited. • BIBLIOPHILE He had a big library and brought many books abroad. • RIZAL: A MANY-SPLENDORED GENIUS • PHILOLOGIST Rizal loved of learning and literature is unequalled. • PHILOSOPHER Rizal not only loved wisdom but also regulated his life and enjoyed calmness of the life at all times. • RIZAL: A MANY-SPLENDORED GENIUS • HUMORIST There are many humorous incidents in the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. • TRAVELER He traveled around the world three times. • RIZAL: A MANY-SPLENDORED GENIUS • SPORTSMAN He fenced with Europeans and Juan Luna and other friends in Europe. He played chess and bear several Germans and European friends and acquaintances. He could shoot a target 20 meters away. • And the list goes on and on… • BIRTH OF A HERO • June 19, 1861 – Rizal was born • June 22, 1861 – Rizal was baptized • Father Rufino Collantes – baptized Rizal • Father Pedro Casanas – Rizal’s godfather • RIZAL’S BIG HEAD? • RIZAL’S FAMILY • Francisco Mercado Rizal • Rizal’s father • Born on May 11, 1818 • Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose

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Became a tenant in Calamba Francisco Mercado Rizal Died on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80

• Teodora Alonso Realonda • Rizal’s mother • Born on November 8, 1826 • Studied at the College of Santa Rosa • Died on August 26, 1911 at the age of 85 RIZAL’S PARENTS Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898) -born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818 -studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila -became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda -a hardy and independent-minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was strong in body and valiant in spirit -died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80 -Rizal affectionately called him “a model of fathers” Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911) -born in Manila on November 8, 1826 -educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city -a remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude of Spartan women -is a woman of more than ordinary culture: she knows literature THE RIZAL CHILDREN -Eleven children—two boys and nine girls 1. Saturnina (1850-1913) -oldest of the Rizal children -nicknamed Neneng -married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas 2. Paciano (1851-1930) -older brother and confident of Jose Rizal -was a second father to Rizal -immortalized him in Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio -Rizal regarded him as the “most noble of Filipinos” -became a combat general in the Philippine Revolution -died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged 79 -had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena)—a boy and a girl 3. Narcisa (1852-1939) -her pet name was Sisa -married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of Morong 4. Olimpia (1855-1887) -Ypia was her pet name -married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila 5. Lucia (1857-1919) -married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas -Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial because he was a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal 6. Maria (1859-1945) -Biang was her nickname -married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna 7. Jose (1861-1896) -the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius -nickname was Pepe -lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong -had a son but this baby-boy died a few hours after birth; Rizal named him “Francisco” after his father and buried him in Dapitan 8. Concepcion (1862-1865)

-her pet name was Concha

-died of sickness at the age of 3 -her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life 9. Josefa (1865-1945) -her pet name was Panggoy -died an old maid at the age of 80 10. Trinidad (1868-1951) -Trining was her pet name -she died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83 11. Soledad (1870-1929) -youngest of the Rizal children -her pet name was Choleng -married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba · Rizal always called her sisters Doña or Señora (if married) and Señorita (if single) · Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda married on June 28, 1848, after which they settled down in Calamba · The real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado, which was adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal), who was a full blooded Chinese) · Rizal’s family acquired a second surname—Rizal—which was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor (provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family friend • • • • •

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Rizal was called “The Great Malayan” actually had Negrito, Malay, Chinese, Japanese and Spanish blood Predominantly, he was a Malayan PATERNAL SIDE Domingo Lamco – Rizal’s great-great-grandfather – A Chinese immigrant from Chiangchow – Arrived in Manila in about 1690 – Was baptized, married Ines dela Rosa – Took the surname “Mercado” in 1731 PATERNAL SIDE Francisco Mercado – Son of Domingo and Ines – Rizal’s great-grandfather – Married Cirila Bernacha – Resided in Biñan, Laguna – Was elected gobernadorcillo of Biñan – PATERNAL SIDE Juan Mercado – Son of Francisco and Cirila – Rizal’s grandfather – Married Cirila Alejandro – Was also elected gobernadorcillo of Biñan – Had thirteen children – PATERNAL SIDE Francisco Mercado – Youngest son of Juan and Cirila – Rizal’s father – Lost his father at the age of 8 – Married Teodora – Settled in Calamba, Laguna – Engaged in farming and business – MATERNAL SIDE Lakandula – last king of Tondo Eugenio Ursua

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Teodora’s great-grandfather

– Was of Japanese ancestry – Married to Benigna (a Filipina) • MATERNAL SIDE • Regina – Daughter of Eugenio and Benigna – Married Atty. Manuel de Quintos • Brigida – Daughter of Regina and Atty. Quintos – Married Alberto Alonso – Had five children • THE RIZAL SURNAME • In 1731, Domingo Lamco adopted the surname “Mercado” (market) • In 1849, Gov. Gen. Claveria ordered all Filipinos to adopt Spanish surnames • Francisco adopted the surname “Rizal” • Was suggested by the provincial governor, who was a family friend • THE RIZAL SURNAME • Originally “Ricial” • In Spanish, it means “green fields” • Prophetic according to Leon Ma. Guerrero: “a field where wheat, cut while still in green, sprouts again.” • Only Jose used the surname Rizal until 1891 • THE RIZAL FAMILY: A GOOD AND MIDDLE CLASS FAMILY • A MIDDLE CLASS FAMILY • The Rizal family belonged to the principalia • Had a large stone house • Owned a carjuahe (carriage) • Had a private library with more than 1,000 books • Sent their children to colleges in Manila • THE RIZAL HOUSE • A two-storey building • Built of adobe stones and hard woods • Roofed with red tiles • Let’s have a field trip! The famous landmark of Calamba, the gigantic jar which has all the Calamba towns written on its surface. The back of the Rizal house, then and now. The grand staircase that leads to the main hall of the house The original karwahe (carriage) of the Rizal family, still intact after all these years. Unfortunately, the horse died many many years ago. The living room The comida or the dining room The main dining room The platera The cocina or kitchen Jose Rizal's bedroom. The family well located at the back of the house A most important seat in the house A replica of Pepe’s little nipa playhouse • HOME LIFE OF THE RIZALS • The Rizal family had a simple, contented and happy life • Believed in the maxim “Spare the rod and spoil the child” • Everyday, the family heard Mass • Prayed together the Rosary and Angelus daily Childhood Days in Calamba Chapter 2

“Ah, Tender Childhood, Lovely town, Rich fount of my felicities.”--- Jose Rizal Jose Rizal, like many Filipino boys, had many beautiful memories of childhood. His was a happy home, filled with parental affection, impregnated with family joys, and sanctified by prayers. In the midst of suc peaceful, refined, God-loving family, he spent the early years of his childhood. The beauties of Calamba impressed him as a growing child and deeply influenced his mind and character. The happiest period of his life was truly his childhood days in his natal town. Calamba, “Craddle of a Genius.” The town of Calamba is situated on a verdant plain by the rippling Laguna de Bay. A few kilometers to the south looms the legendary Mt. Makiling, and beyond this mountain lies the coffee-producing Batangas. North of the town spreads the Laguna de Bay, “a lake of poems and songs”, with many sailboats gliding by the somnolent Talim Island and numerous birds flying in the azure skies. Beyond the lake, to the far distance in the north, is Antipolo, the famous mountain shrine of the miraculous Lady of Peace and Good Voyage. Calamba, with its fertile fields of rice and sugarcane, its evermore green meadows of innumerable fruit trees and bananas, its singing birds abounding in lake, river, and fields, its starry nights ‘filled with the poetry of sadness,” it’s lovely sunrises over lake and mountains, and its charming panoramic views, is a fit place to nurture a growing child. So it came to pass that it became the “cradle of a genius”. Rizal loved Calamba with all his heart and soul. In 1876, when he was 15 years old and was a student in Ateneo, he remembered his beloved town. Accordingly he wrote a poem Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town). Earliest Childhood Memories The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was three years old. Because he was a frail, sickly, and undersized child, he was given the tenderest care by his parents. His father built a little nipa cottage in the garden for him to play in the daytime. A kind old woman was employed as an AYA (maid) to look after his comfort. At times, he was left alone to muse on the beauties of nature or to play by himself. In his boyhood memoirs, he narrated how he at the age of three, watched from his garden cottage the culilan, the maya, the culae, the maria-capra, the martin, the pipit, and other birds, listening “with wonder and joy” to their twilight songs. Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus Prayer. By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother gathered all the children at the house to pray the Angelus. With nostalgic feeling, he also remembered the happy moonlit nights at the azotea after the nightly rosary. The aya related to the Rizal children (including Jose) many stories about the fairies; tales of buried treasure and trees blooming with diamonds, and other fabulous stories. The imaginary tales told by the aya aroused in Rizal an enduring interest in legends and folklore. Sometimes when he did not like to take his supper, the aya would threaten him that the asuang, the nuno, the tigbalang, or a terrible bearded and turbaned Bombay would come to take him away if he would not eat his supper. Another memory of his infancy was the nocturnal walk in town, especially when there was a moon. The aya took him for a walk in the moonlight by the river, where the trees cast grotesque shadows on the bank. Recounting this childhood experience, Rizal wrote: “Thus my heart fed on somber and melancholy thoughts so that even while still a child, I already wandered on wings of fantasy in the high regions of the unknown.”

First Sorrow

The Rizal children were bound together by ties of love and companionship. They were well-bred, for their parents taught them to love one another, to behave properly in the presence of elders, to be truthful and religious, and to help one another. They affectionately called their father Tatay and their mother Nanay. Of his sisters, Jose loved most the little Concha(Concepcion). He was one year older than Concha.

He played with her, and from her he learned the sweetness of brotherly love.

Unfortunately, Concha died of sickness in 1865 when she was only three years old. Jose, who was very fond of her, cried bitterly to lose her. “When I was four years old,” he said, “I lost my little sister Concha, and then for the first time I wept tears of love and grief….” The death of little Concha bought him his first sorrow. *Search :Pilgrimage to Antipolo* *Search:The Story of the Moth*

INFLUENCE ON HERO’S BOYHOOD Hereditary Influence Environmental Influence Aid of Divine Providence

RIZAL’S UNCLES WHO HELP HIM A LOT IN HIS DEVELOPMENT

GREGORIO – Was a lover of books. He instilled into the mind of his precocious nephew*Jose) a great love for books. He taught him to work hard, to think for himself, and to observe life keenly. JOSE – Who had been educated at Calcutta, India, was the youngest brother of Doña Teodora. He encouraged his nephew to paint, sketch, and sculpture.

MANUEL – Was a big, strong, and husky man. He looked after the physical training of his sickly and weak nephew. He encouraged young Rizal to learn swimming, fencing, wrestling and other sports, so that in later years of Rizal’s frail body acquired agility, endurance and strength.

Rizal Life, Works and Writing Chapter 3: School Days in Biñan Best student in school. In school studies, Jose beat all Biñan boys. He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects. Some of his older classmates were jealous of his intellectual superiority. They wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever Jose had a fight outside the school. End of Biñan schooling.    

Tine came when Jose learned all that Maestro Justiniano could teach him. Accordingly, the teacher informed his parents that he should be sent to college in Manila. In December, 1871, Jose received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of the steamer Talim which would take him from Biñan to Calamba. He prayed in the town church, collected pebbles in the river for souvenirs, and regretfully bade farewell to his teacher and classmates. He left Biñan on Saturday afternoon, Dec.17, 1871.

Injustice to Hero’s Mother. 

After the happy Christmas holiday in 1871, Don Francisco thought of sending Jose to Manila to study.

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Before June came. Tragedy struck the Rizal family. Doña Teodora was arrested on malicious charge that she aided her brother, Jose Alberto, in trying to poison Alberto’s wife.

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Jose Alberto, a rich Biñan landowner, had gone to Europe on a business trip. During his absence his wife abandoned their home and children. When he returned to Biñan, he found her living with another man. Enraged by her infidelity, he planned to divorce her. Doña Teodora, to avert family scandal, persuaded him to forgive his erring wife. The family trouble was amicably settled, and Jose Alberto lived again with his wife. However, the unfaithful wife connived with the lieutenant of the Guardia Civil to fabricate evidence that her husband attempted to poison her, with Doña Teodora as an accomplice. This lieutenant had an ax to grind against the Rizal family because at one time Rizal’s father refused to give him fodder for his horse. Ordinarily, Doña Teodora, the accused, should have been confined in the Calamba jail. The judge, who had also been a guest many times at the Rizal home, was vengeful. Like the lieutenant, he nursed a grudge against the Rizal family because he imagined that he was not accorded greater respect than the Filipino guests in the Rizal home. The lieutenant forced the hero’s mother to walk on foot from Calamba to Santa Cruz, a distance of more than 50 kilometers. Doña Teodora, as a worthy mother of a hero, endured her cruel fate with Christian resignation and courage.

The Martyrdom Of Gom-Bur-Za.   

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The Rizal family had not yet recovered from the painful shock of the mothers imprisonment when another calamity occurred. On January 20, 1872, the Cavite Mutiny flared up, followed by the execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora on February 17th. Jose’s older brother, Paciano, then a student in the College of San Jose, was boarding with Father Burgos, his beloved professor anf friend. He was atrusted assistant of Burgos in the fight for the Filipinization of the parishes. Years later, Dr. Jose Rizal wrote of Burgos: “He awakened my intellect and made me understand goodness and justice. His farewell words I shall always remember – “I have tried to pass on to you what I received from my teachers. Do the same for those who come after you.” Jose Rizal was nearly eleven years old when the tragic martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za took place. Despite his tender age, he was deeply affected. It was another Spanish injustice, like that done to his own mother.

Chapter 4- SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT ATENEO DE MANILA (1872-1877)- Summary Jose was sent to Manila four months after the martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za and with Dona Teodora still in prison. He studied in the Ateneo Municipal,, a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits. Ateneo Municipal  Bitter rival of the Dominican-owned College of San Juan de Letran  Formerly the Escuela Pia(Charity School)- for poor boys in Manila established in 1817  In 1859- name was changed to Ateneo Municipal by the Jesuits and later became the Ateneo de Manila. Rizal Enters the Ateneo: June 10, 1872- Jose, accompanied by Paciano, went to Manila to take the entrance examinations on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, and reading at the College of San Juan de Letran, and passed them. His father was the first one who wished him to study at Letran but he changed his mind and decided to send Jose at Ateneo instead. Father Magin Ferrando, college registrar of Ateneo Municipal, refused to admit Jose because:  He was late for registration and;  He was sickly and undersized for his age (11 years old)....