Affirmative and Negative expressions (doc 1-Worksheet 1) PDF

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Affirmative and Negative expressions (Doc. 1) Pgs. 176--177 Affirmative

Meaning in English

Negative

Meaning in English

algo

something

nada

nothing

alguien

someone

nadie

No one

alguno, algún (-a, -os, -as)

someone, some

Ninguno (ninguna, ningún)

no one, none

siempre

always

nunca

never

alguna vez

ever

jamás

never

también

also

tampoco

neither

todavía, aún

still

ya no

no longer

ya

already

todavía no

Not yet

o

or

ni

nor, not even

o…o

either…or

ni…ni

neither…nor

1. In Spanish, the most common way to make a sentence negative is to place no before the verb:  Juan abre una cuenta bancaria. Juan opens a checking account.  Juan no abre la cuenta bancaria. Juan does not open the checking account. 2. Double No When the answer to a question is negative, the word no appears twice. It appears at the beginning of the sentence and also in front of the verb: a. -- ¿Abren Uds. ahora? -- Are you going to open now? -- No, no abrimos hasta las diez. -- No, we don't open until ten. 3. In Spanish we can use double negatives: a. No veo a nadie. b. Él nunca hace nada por las tardes.

I don't see anybody. He never does anything in the afternoons.

4. Algo “something” vs. Nada “nothing”: are invariable and refer to things and objects, a. Hay algo afuera. There is something outside. b. No hay nada en el refrigerador. There is nothing in the refrigerator. 5. Alguien "someone" vs. Nadie “no one”: are invariable and refer to people. When alguien, nadie, alguno and ninguno are direct objects, they must be preceded by the personal a when they refer to a person. a. Invité a alguien a salir. I asked someone out. b. No defiendo a nadie. I don't defend anybody.

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6. Alguno "someone / some" vs. Ninguno "no one / none”: can refer to people or things. Furthermore, alguno and ninguno drop the final -o before masculine singular nouns (similarly, uno "one" shortens to un, and bueno "good" to buen. a. Algún día venderemos millones. Someday we'll sell millions. b. Ningún producto está fallado. None of the products is damaged. ***NOTE that Ninguno is never used in a plural form. 7. Alguna vez: is equivalent to "ever".  ¿Has diseñado alguna vez un logotipo?

Have you ever designed a logo?

8. Nunca jamás; "never ever / never again" is one of the strongest negative forms.  Nunca jamás ganarán. They'll never ever win. ***NOTE that Nunca más is equivalent to "never again".  Nunca más vi a Ana. I have not seen Ana ever again 9. También "also / too" expresses the union of two affirmative sentences. a. Yo quiero comer; también ellos quieren comer. I want to eat; they want to eat too. b. Nosotros también ganamos la competencia. We also won the competition. 10. Tampoco (neither, not...either) is used in any negative phrases as the opposite of también (also): a. Ella Quiere café y yo también. b. No quiere café. Yo tampoco. c. No cantamos esta noche tampoco 11. Ni (nor, not even) often translates into English "or" in negative sentences: a. A esta hora no hay taxis ni buses. There are no taxis or buses at this time b. Ni la mejor sociedad es perfecta. Not even the best society is perfect. ***NOTE that in negative phrases, English "either...or..." translates into ni:  Está aquí sin familia ni amigos. He's here without either family or friends. 12. Ni... ni... is the Spanish equivalent for English "neither...nor...". Note the verb in plural when there's more than one subject, as well as the usual need of a negative word before the verb: a. No tengo ni frío ni calor. b. Ni Juan ni Pedro tienen hambre.

I'm neither cold nor hot Neither Juan nor Pedro is hungry.

13. Ni siquiera and sometimes No ... ni are equivalent to "not even": a. Pedro ni siquiera me saludó. Pedro did not even greet me. b. Pedro no quiere ni saludarme. Pedro doesn't even want to greet me. 14. Cualquiera (any at all) shortens to cualquier before any noun, and normally occurs in the singular: Call me if there are any problems. Llámenme si hay cualquier problema. I need a taxi. Any one at all! Necesito un taxi. ¡Cualquiera! Cualquier sociedad tiene gobierno. Any society has some government.

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Nombre: _______________________________________________________ Fecha: _____________________________

Worksheet 1: Indefinite Affirmative and Negative Words (42 pts.-1 %) INDEFINITE AND NEGATIVE WORDS nunca una vez a veces muchas veces siempre

never once sometimes often always

nada algo cualquier cosa todo

nothing something anything everything

nadie alguien cualquiera todo el mundo

nobody somebody anybody everybody

ni...ni (n)either...(n)or||o...o either...or

A.

Fill in with the correspondent negative Word: nadie, nada, nunca, no of the following statements. (10 pts) 1. ¿Todo el mundo quiere algo? ____________________ quiere ____________________. 2. ¿A veces habla ella con alguien? _______________________habla con _______________________ . 3. ¿Tienes (tú) algo en la mano? ___________________tengo__________________ en la mano. 4. ¿Alguien tiene algo aquí? ________________________tiene _________________________ . 5. ¿Siempre comes cualquier cosa? ______________________como ______________________ .

B.

Translate the following sentences into Spanish. (22 pts)

1. Do you need anything else? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. No, I don’t need anything else. _________________________________________________________________ 3. I never send anything to anyone.________________________________________________________________ 4. Do you want coffee or tea? ____________________________________________________________________ 5. I don’t drink coffee or tea.______________________________________________________________________ 6. Do you have any friends from Nicaragua? ________________________________________________________ 7. No, I don’t have any Nicaraguan Friends._________________________________________________________ 8. Is there anybody in your house? _______________________________________________________________ 9. No, there is no one. _________________________________________________________________________ 10. Are you hungry or thirsty? ___________________________________________________________________ 11. I am not hungry, but thirsty. _________________________________________________________________ Siempre… aveces… nunca…Write two things that you always do, two things that you sometimes do, and two things that you never do. (10 pts) Modelo: Yo siempre ceno en mi casa. A veces ceno en un restaurante. Nunca ceno en una cafetería.

C.

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