AGPT03-09 Guide to Pavement Technology Part 3 Pavement Surfacings PDF

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Download AGPT03-09 Guide to Pavement Technology Part 3 Pavement Surfacings PDF

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Guide to Pavement Technology Part 3: Pavement Surfacings

Sydney 2009

Guide to Pavement Technology Part 3: Pavement Surfacings Publisher

First edition project manager: David Hubner

First edition prepared by: John Rebbechi and Kieran Sharp

Austroads Ltd. Level 9, 287 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia Phone: +61 2 8265 3300

Abstract Part 3 of the Guide to Pavement Technology addresses the selection of the most appropriate pavement surfacing. It identifies the significant factors that need to be considered in the selection of the most appropriate surfacing, their inter-relationships and the rationale for assessing the surfacing options available. User requirements will vary with speed, road geometry and environment, while material requirements will be affected by traffic and environmental factors, the availability of suitable materials, and cost.

Keywords pavement surfacing, road surfacings, sprayed seals, asphalt, slurry surfacing, concrete, pavement types

[email protected] www.austroads.com.au About Austroads Austroads is the peak organisation of Australasian road transport and traffic agencies. Austroads’ purpose is to support our member organisations to deliver an improved Australasian road transport network. To succeed in this task, we undertake leading-edge road and transport research which underpins our input to policy development and published guidance on the design, construction and management of the road network and its associated infrastructure. Austroads provides a collective approach that delivers value for money, encourages shared knowledge and drives consistency for road users. Austroads is governed by a Board consisting of senior executive representatives from each of its eleven member organisations:

Edition 1.1 published August 2018

• Format updated.

• Roads and Maritime Services New South Wales

Edition 1 published July 2009

• Roads Corporation Victoria • Queensland Department of Transport and Main ISBN 978-1-921551-60-4

Pages 68

Austroads Project No. TP1565 Austroads Publication No. AGPT03-09

Roads

• Main Roads Western Australia • Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure South Australia

• Department of State Growth Tasmania © Austroads Ltd 2009

• Department of Infrastructure, Planning and

This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without the prior written permission of Austroads.

• Transport Canberra and City Services

Logistics Northern Territory Directorate, Australian Capital Territory

• Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development

• Australian Local Government Association • New Zealand Transport Agency. Acknowledgements Membership of Austroads Working Group: Greg Hall Roads and Traffic Authority New South Wales Sai Yin Roads and Traffic Authority New South Wales John Esnouf VicRoads Gavin Soward Department of Transport and Main Roads Queensland Steve Halligan Main Roads Western Australia John Nichols Cement Concrete & Aggregates Australia John Rebbechi Roadcor Kym Neaylon ARRB Group Kieran Sharp ARRB Group This Guide is produced by Austroads as a general guide. Its application is discretionary. Road authorities may vary their practice according to local circumstances and policies. Austroads believes this publication to be correct at the time of printing and does not accept responsibility for any consequences arising from the use of information herein. Readers should rely on their own skill and judgement to apply information to particular issues.

Guide to Pavement Technology Part 3: Pavement Surfacings

Contents 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3

Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 1 Guide to Pavement Technology ............................................................................................................... 1 Development of Pavement Surfacings in Australasia .............................................................................. 2 Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 2

2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

Surfacing types....................................................................................................................................... 5 Sprayed Treatments ................................................................................................................................. 5 Asphalt ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Bituminous Slurry Surfacing ................................................................................................................... 10 Concrete ................................................................................................................................................. 12

3. 3.1 3.2 3.3

Function and Characteristics of Surfacings ......................................................................................15 General ...................................................................................................................................................15 Function of Road Surfacings .................................................................................................................. 15 Surface Characteristics and Performance .............................................................................................15 3.3.1 Longitudinal Profile and Roughness ......................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 Transverse Profile and Rutting ................................................................................................. 16 3.3.3 Skid Resistance ........................................................................................................................ 17 3.3.4 Texture...................................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.5 Noise ......................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3.6 Conspicuity of Line Markings .................................................................................................... 20 3.3.7 Delineation ................................................................................................................................ 20 3.3.8 Water Spray .............................................................................................................................. 21 3.3.9 Appearance .............................................................................................................................. 22 3.3.10 Strength .................................................................................................................................... 26 3.3.11 Cracking.................................................................................................................................... 26 3.3.12 Resistance to Shear Forces ..................................................................................................... 26 Service Life .............................................................................................................................................27

3.4 4. 4.1 4.2

4.3

4.4 4.5 4.6

4.7 4.8

Sprayed Seals ....................................................................................................................................... 29 General ...................................................................................................................................................29 Aggregate Size .......................................................................................................................................29 4.2.1 Size Range ............................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.2 Sand ......................................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.3 5 mm and 7 mm ........................................................................................................................ 29 4.2.4 10 mm and 14 mm .................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.5 16 mm and 20 mm .................................................................................................................... 30 Binder ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.1 Bitumen..................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.2 Polymer Modified Binders (PMBs)............................................................................................ 30 4.3.3 Bitumen Emulsions ................................................................................................................... 31 Prime ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 Primerseal ..............................................................................................................................................32 Seals and Reseals.................................................................................................................................. 33 4.6.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 33 4.6.2 Single/Single Seals ................................................................................................................... 33 4.6.3 Multiple Application Seals ......................................................................................................... 34 4.6.4 High Stress Seals (HSS) .......................................................................................................... 35 4.6.5 Strain Alleviating Membrane (SAM) ......................................................................................... 35 4.6.6 Strain Alleviating Membrane Interlayer (SAMI) ........................................................................ 35 4.6.7 Fibre Reinforced Seal (FRS) .................................................................................................... 36 4.6.8 Geotextile Reinforced Seal (GRS) ........................................................................................... 36 Surface Enrichment/Rejuvenation ..........................................................................................................38 High Friction Surface Treatment ............................................................................................................ 38

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Guide to Pavement Technology Part 3: Pavement Surfacings

4.9

Coloured Surface Treatments ................................................................................................................ 39

5. 5.1

Asphalt ..................................................................................................................................................40 General ...................................................................................................................................................40 5.1.1 Asphalt Mix Types .................................................................................................................... 40 5.2 Binders ...................................................................................................................................................40 5.2.1 Bitumen, Multigrade Bitumen and Polymer Modified Binder .................................................... 40 5.2.2 Epoxy Resin and Polyurethane Modified Binders .................................................................... 41 5.3 Dense Graded Asphalt ...........................................................................................................................42 5.4 Open Graded Asphalt ............................................................................................................................. 43 5.5 Stone Mastic Asphalt .............................................................................................................................. 43 5.6 Fine Gap Graded Asphalt ....................................................................................................................... 44 5.7 Thin Asphalt Surfacings .........................................................................................................................44 5.8 Recycled Asphalt .................................................................................................................................... 45 5.9 Warm Mix Asphalt .................................................................................................................................. 45 5.10 Cement Grout Filled Macadam .............................................................................................................. 46 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4

slurry surfacing .................................................................................................................................... 47 General ................................................................................................................................................... 47 Slurry Seals ............................................................................................................................................ 47 Microsurfacing ........................................................................................................................................ 47 Cape Seals ............................................................................................................................................. 48

7. 7.1

Concrete ................................................................................................................................................ 49 Concrete Surfaces .................................................................................................................................. 49 7.1.1 Concrete Surface Finishes ....................................................................................................... 49 Concrete Segmental Pavers .................................................................................................................. 52

7.2 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3

Selection of Surfacings for New Pavements .....................................................................................53 General ................................................................................................................................................... 53 Road Class ............................................................................................................................................. 53 Pavement Types..................................................................................................................................... 55 8.3.1 Suitability .................................................................................................................................. 55 8.3.2 Granular Pavements with Sprayed Seal Surfacings ................................................................ 55 8.3.3 Granular Pavements with Thin Asphalt Surfacing (Asphalt ≤ 40 mm) ..................................... 56 8.3.4 Granular Pavements with Thick Asphalt Surfacing (Asphalt >40 mm, ≤ 75 mm) .................... 57 8.3.5 Deep Strength and Full Depth Asphalt Pavements (Asphalt > 75 mm) ................................... 57 8.3.6 Concrete Pavements ................................................................................................................ 57 8.3.7 Concrete Segmental Pavers..................................................................................................... 58

9. 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4

Selection of Surfacings for Retreatment ...........................................................................................59 General ................................................................................................................................................... 59 Selection Process ................................................................................................................................... 59 Effect of Resurfacing Treatments on Existing Road Surface Condition................................................. 60 Surfacing Retreatment Types................................................................................................................. 62 9.4.1 Sprayed Seals .......................................................................................................................... 62 9.4.2 Slurry Surfacing ........................................................................................................................ 63 9.4.3 Asphalt ...................................................................................................................................... 63 9.4.4 Concrete Overlays .................................................................................................................... 63 9.4.5 Combination Treatments .......................................................................................................... 63 9.4.6 Miscellaneous Surface Correction Treatments ........................................................................ 64

References ......................................................................................................................................................67

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Guide to Pavement Technology Part 3: Pavement Surfacings

Tables Table 1.1: Table 3.1: Table 3.2: Table 3.3: Table 3.4: Table 3.5: Table 3.6: Table 3.7: Table 3.8: Table 4.1: Table 4.2: Table 5.1: Table 5.2: Table 7.1: Table 8.1: Table 8.2: Table 9.1: Table 9.2:

Needs of principal stakeholder groups in surfacing selection ...................................................3 Categories of surface irregularity ............................................................................................ 17 Typical relative texture depths of new bituminous surfacings ................................................18 Typical relative texture depths of new concrete surfacings ....................................................19 Typical relative noise levels of new bituminous surfacings ....................................................20 Typical relative noise levels of new concrete surfacings ........................................................20 Relative water spray characteristics of common surfacings ................................................... 22 Typical relative resistance to shear forces .............................................................................. 27 Typical service lives ................................................................................................................ 28 Selection of PMB and multigrade bitumen ..............................................................................31 Life expectancy of primerseals ...............................................................................................33 ...