Agricultural Production " A Case Study of Mamala Farm Sariyaya, Quezon Province, Philippines" PDF

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Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009 Agricultural Production A Case Study in Mamala Farm, Sariaya, Quezon Special Paper Written By: John A. Collins Master in Business Administration Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City Gr...

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Agricultural Production " A Case Study of Mamala Farm Sariyaya, Quezon Province, Philippines" John Collins

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Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Agricultural Production A Case Study in Mamala Farm, Sariaya, Quezon

Special Paper

Written By:

John A. Collins Master in Business Administration

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to express his profound gratitude to the people whose advice, encouragement, inspiration and constructive criticism has contributed in making this work a success. First of all to the Almighty God for the life and the grace He gave me to be able to undertake this project, thank you; To my very able and articulate adviser Dr. Claudia Odette J. Ayala, who tirelessly and commendably supported and offered insightful direction through the studies, I owe the success of this study to you, thank you; To our able and ever supportive dean, Dr. Benilda Villenas, you have been my inspiration all along in my MBA program and have symbolized the image of an ideal and an excellent teacher. Thank you for being my model. Thank you also Dr. Felix Mercado, you shaped my mind in the matters of research and taught me all I need to know to become a good researcher. To the respondents who made meaningful contributions and gave us their time amidst busy schedules, thank you; To my mentor and brother-in-law and his wife: Dr. & Mrs. Tony Marioghae and Enaida Cuevas Marioghae, who inspired and encouraged my studies in the Philippines, thank you;

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

To Professor Virginia Alcala, who relentlessly supported and gave meaningful advices and was more of a mentor to me than I imagined, thank you; To Professor William Arjona for his impartation of wisdom and continues assistance through the studies, thank you; To Jelyn Siorez who served as an interpreter, Perlita Enopia- camera, Analie Pura, Jocelyn Loren (all members of the IGSR – MBA II) a big thank you to you guys. This study would not have been accomplished without you. To Pastor Veno Mbanefo, whose knowledge and experience encouraged excellence in the studies, thank you; To Dr. Ricardo Mendoza, whose philosophical insights help in looking deeper into every issue, thank you; To my respondents, the operators or owners of farms around included in the study likewise the operators of farms not included directly in the study, what would I have done without your assistance and willingness to share vital information? Thank you; To all the loving and friendly faculty members and the students of Institute of Graduate Studies and Research who through my interactions with you has given me a sense of belonging and family that kept me going, thank you; To my friends and family, including: Engineer & Mrs. Omochi and Nana Adekwu, Eng. Kelvin and Mrs. Betebo Gogo, Eng. Rayan and Mrs. Koko Kalango, Dr. & Mrs. Peter Arome, Attoney & Mrs. Max Okoh, Dr. & Mrs. Ricardo and Beth Sio and an endless list too numerous to mention, your love and support has brought me thus far and for that, I am grateful.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Lastly and most importantly, to my dearly beloved wife Rezi Marioghae Collins, whose patience, love and encouragement is the key ingredient in making this study a success- thank you. And to my dear and lovely parents Pastor Collins and Jummai Ahuchaugu, who did not only believed in me but went out of their way to see that I got the best upbringing- I owe it all to you, thank you. To everyone that I have encountered, who has influenced me one way or the other, I may not have mentioned you by name but just know that it is to you that I owe the success of this study and I want to say a big THANK YOU.

John A. Collins

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Dedication

I dedicate this work to all those who believe in positively changing their lives through hard work and honest living; To every farmer who wakes up with optimism and is willing to take a calculated risk in improving their living conditions; And to all who dare to do something significantly positive in an attempt to combat poverty and improve their living circumstances and that of others. I also dedicate this work to MSEUF that is committed to making a difference in the community and the society at large. I especially, dedicate this work to my beloved wife Rezi, who do not only believe but exemplify hard work, commitment and determination which I believe is responsible for success.

John

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ………………………………………………………………………………………… i Approval Sheet ………………………………………………………………………………….. ii Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………………… iii Dedication ………………………………………………………………………………………. iv Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………….. v List of Tables and figure ……………………………………………………………………...... vii Research Abstract …………………………………………………………………………....... viii

CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Setting Background of the Study………………………………………………… 1 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………… 7 Significance of the Study………………………………………………… 7 Scope and Delimitation ………………………………………………….. 8 Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………….. 8 Definition of Terms …………………………………………………...... 10

CHAPTER

II

Review of Related Literature and Studies Review of related literature …………………………………………...…11 Review of related studies ……………………………………………..... 22

CHAPTER III

Theoretical Framework and Methodology Theoretical framework …………………………………………...…….. 27 Research method ………………………………………………...……... 31 Research design ………………………………………………………... 31 Research local/environment ……………………………………………. 31

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Research sample/population …………………………………………… 32 Research instrumentation ………………………………………………. 32 Data gathering ………………………………………………………….. 33 Statistical treatment …………………………………………………….. 33 Vicinity map CHAPTER IV

Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data Part I Demographic Profile of the Respondents ……………………….. 37 Part II Developed of Instructional Material in teaching Science ………. 40 Part III Level of acceptability of an instructional material …………….. 42 Part IV Test Questionnaire results (scores) of the students ……………. 48 Chart

CHAPTER

V

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations Summary of Findings …………………………………………………... 50 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………... 52 Recommendations …………………………………………………….... 53

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES A. Gantt Chart (Schedule) B. Transmittal Letter C. Instrumentation/Questionnaire D. Rating Sheet CURRICULUM VITAE

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

LIST OF TABLES

Part I Demographic Profile of the Respondents ……………………………………………….. 37 Part II Development of Instructional Material in teaching Science ………………………………. 40 Part III Level of acceptability of an instructional material …………………………………….. 42 Part IV Test Questionnaire results (scores) of the students ……………………………………. 48

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Abstract The nation’s agricultural development strategy aims at inclusive growth and improved welfare for rural households, particularly poor farmers and fishers. They lead agency for agricultural development is the Department of Agriculture (DA). The DA determines the policy framework, directs public investments, and, in partnership with local government units (LGUs), provides support services for agriculture. With the abundant agricultural resources in the country, the output of agriculture can be significantly increased without doing much harm to the environment. The current state of agricultural production is low and there are a lot of factors militating against this. These factors include: insufficient capital, bad weather, poor storage facilities and weak government support programs among others. A more direct involvement of the government in providing unhindered access to capital, investment in infrastructure and R&D, regular orientation programs and an active involvement of the farmers in these activities through the various authorized organizations will bring about a remarkable turnaround in the agricultural production in the farms in Mamala Sariyaya, Quezon.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Introduction Agricultural production plays a vital role in the economy of the nation. It is itself a significant market for the products and services of the non-agricultural economy. As the sector grows and modernizes, it releases surplus labor to the industry and services sectors. Rising productivity and efficiency in the sector are critical in maintaining the affordability of food and purchasing power, especially among the poor. The sector’s development is therefore vital in achieving inclusive growth and poverty reduction as well. There has been varied explanations for the poor performance of the Agricultural sector; ranging from bad weather conditions, under priced agricultural products, lack of adequate and modern farming technologies, insufficient storage facilities, poor transportation among others, to the main problem of farm ownership due to the 1987 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program. However, this study placed emphasis on the farmer’s perspective of Agricultural production. It ethnographically viewed agricultural production from the eyes of the farmers themselves. This exposed us to the challenges the farmers experience first- hand and further revealed the indicators of a decrease in production. This study investigated the militating factors against agricultural production through the lens of the Mamala farm in Sariaya, Quezon. It further provided answers to the following questions: 1. What is the current state of agricultural production in the farm? 2. What are the factors responsible for the current state of production? 3. What are the challenges of the farmers themselves? 4. What can be done to improve the lot of the farmers and further boost production?

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Literature Review According to the Bureau of Agriculture, there seem to have been a 1.44% overall growth in the first quarter of 2013 against the 0.99% of 2012. In the first half of 2013, the gross value of agricultural production amounted to P697.2 billion at current prices. It posted a 0.88 percent increase from last year’s record. This is a welcome development. However, the National Economic Development Agency from its UNDP 2005 report found out that, the recent growth in the agricultural sector is not without a price. Despite the seeming growth, the country, however, exhibits a slower structural transformation than other East Asian countries. NEDA stated that the shares of agriculture in GDP and total employment have continued to decline, but the transfer of the labor released from this sector to higher-productivity jobs in industry and services has lagged owing to low skill levels among agricultural workers and distortions in other economic sectors. The situation of increasing demands on the sector’s output has also put pressure on its natural resource base. Furthermore, unsustainable practices employed to improve yields have resulted in land degradation and problems of water availability. Climate change has exacerbated the inherent vulnerabilities of the sector. Development efforts need to focus on transforming the sector into one that is not only highly productive but also climate-resilient, environment-friendly, and sustainable. Amongo et al (2011) mentioned that, ‘the country has abundant raw materials that can be used to produce a wide spectrum of products for food, feed, and industrial applications. About 32% of that land area of 29.817 million hectares is under intensive cultivation, where 51% and 44% are arable and permanent croplands, respectively.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

On the other hand, Cristina David in her study: Toward an Efficient Path to Food Security: The Philippine Case (2003); discovered that, policy and institutional framework were mitigating hindrances to the sustainable growth of the agricultural sector. She identified price intervention policies to be responsible for greater inefficiencies in resource allocation though considered favorable to the sector. She also discovered that high and wide dispersion of tariffs among close substitutes promote rent-seeking, technical smuggling and other harmful activities in the sector. Similarly, high cost of agricultural inputs, inadequate provision of irrigation infrastructure, low rate of adoption of technologies, including mechanization, limited access to formal credit and financing, inefficient supply chain and logistics systems have been identified to be hindering production. (NEDA-UNDP, 2005). However, Amongo et al (2011) maintain that ‘the application of environment-friendly and sustainable technologies can possibly enhance and sustain cultivation of an additional eight million hectares’. They said that the introduction of environmentally sound agricultural machinery will among others, enable the agricultural sector to fully utilize farm products and byproducts; cultivate uplands, hilly lands, swamplands and other non-arable lands on a sustainable basis; intensity and diversity farming systems which will in turn generate employment.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Methodology A descriptive research design was used in the study, utilizing basically the qualitative ethnographic method. The qualitative ethnographic descriptive approach was utilized because of its suitability to the study. This method allowed for effective collection of data that was required in the study. A case study method was applied for the study. The researcher was on the ground interacting with the farmers and interviewing them simultaneously to get an in-depth perspective on the subject matter. Generally, these instruments provided the needed vehicle in bringing home necessary facts in validating and establishing the study. Mamala Farm in Sariaya, Quezon was specifically chosen as locale for the study because it plays host to a lot of small-scale farmers and tenants. The high concentration of farms within the town makes it a choice location for a study of this nature. This study was conducted in two (2) selected farms located within Mamala Sariaya, Quezon. The respondents of this study are one tenant and one Operations Manager who have full responsibility for the farms visited and were purposively chosen for the case study. The choice of this sample population was informed by the background knowledge and experiences of the respective respondents and/or subjects as the case maybe. Furthermore, in the study the researcher utilized an interview to identify the state of agricultural production in the farm. An appointment was arranged with the farmers and the interview was conducted on the farm.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

A guided tour ensued in which vital data was collected for the study. Afterwards, the data was translated, interpreted, analyzed, processed and presented as useful information to the relevant institutions and the general public. The researcher used related literatures and valid economic theories, specifically Thomas Malthusian theory of food production and population to analyze and interpret the results of the study.

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Results The first subject in this study is Counselor Susana Jumawan. She is married and has three children. She is 49 years of age is currently working as a Counselor with the local government. She simultaneously operates the farm and was very cooperative in the interview. She reliably informed us that most of the farmers have very similar experiences to hers. These the researcher confirmed on the field as the farms were interconnected. Below is a representation of the data obtained during the interview.

Analysis of the transcribed interview with the first subjects Codes/ Categories 1. Type of Crops Grown

Transcription Depending on the season. We currently have radish, peanuts, cabbage, pechay, carrots and sweet potato (camote).

2. Farming Method

Mixed cropping and crop rotation

3. Purpose of the crops

Partly for domestic/home consumption and for sale.

4. Farm Ownership

A rich landlord who lives abroad. The caretaker is a tenant.

5. Terms of Rent

Sharing: 1/5 or 20% returns to the owner, while the tenants keeps the 80%

6. Farm Size

5 hectares, 3-4 hectares are cultivated. The rest are yet to be cultivated.

7. Distribution Mode

Whole seller picks up the items. Others such as sweet potato (camote) are taken to Pamilihang

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena City

Granted Autonomous Status CHED CEB Res. 076-2009

Bayan. 8. Types of Fertilizers Used 9. Problems Planting (Camote)

Triple 14; Compound manure

Encountered in Infestation by rats; Sweet Potato Decay from lack of sunlight; Theft of farm products

10. Income

Enough to maintain a small family. The capital status of income can be put at a breakeven point.

11. Government Support

Provision of sprays – insecticides Support from PDAF occasionally. These come in the form of seeds, sprays or fertilizers through various authorized organization.

12. Access to Loans

Limited access. Depending on needs. Loans are gotten from Mamala Uno Multi-Purpose Cooperative, Sentrong Pamilihan amongst others.

13. Requests or Recommendation Capital. There is strong need for capital by Farmers Modern farming technology is needed.

The data presented in the above table reveals that most of the farmers operate a mixed cropping farming technique that gives them the opportunity to grow multiple products at one time and rotate the products at the change of the season. They are mostly involved in subsistence farming and the rest they offer to the markets. The farms are mostly owned by rich landlords who either operate but mostly lease it out to tenants. In this particular case, the landlord lives abroad and agrees to a 20% payment from the tenant. The size of the farm in question is five (5) hectares but only about 4...