Aldehydes ketones-Nomenclature and reactions worksheet PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Aldehydes ketones-Nomenclature and reactions worksheet PDF

Description

Dr. Navarro-Eisenstein Worksheet for aldehydes-ketones reactions

Nomenclature

THREE REACTIONS: OXIDATION, OX. Only for aldehydes a carboxylic acid product

REDUCTION, Aldehydes reduced to primary alcohols

Ketones reduce to secondary alcohols

ADDITION of ROH to aldehydes and ketones

Oxidation of alcohols produce carbonyl compounds. Oxidation of primary -Alcohols the product is an aldehyde that can oxidizes to carboxylic acid Aldehydes oxidation to produce carboxylic acids Aldehydes reduction (Add H2) produces a primary alcohol Addition of one mol of alcohol to aldehyde or ketone to produce a hemiacetals and acetals

Oxidants: CrO3/H+ or K2Cr2O7

or KMnO4

NKA

Reduction of carbonyl compounds produce alcohols. Oxidation of secondary alcohol the product is a ketone Ketones don't oxidize Ketones reduction to produce a secondary alcohol Addition of two moles of alcohol to aldehyde or ketone to produce acetals

[O]

Reducing agents : H2/Pt catalyst NaBH4, a source of H- a hydrogen with 2 eleectrons [H- hydride] ADDITION OF ALCOHOLS: A hemiacetal is formed when one mol of alcohol is added to aldehyde or ketone and with a second mole of alcohol an acetal is formed

First mol of alcohol alcohol

Second mol of alcohol added

Work the following problems to practice

1.

Oxidation of aldehyde

2.

Reduction of aldehyde

3.

Reduction of ketone

4.

Addition of one mol of methanol to an aldehyde

+

+ [H- hydride] (ROH product)

+ [H- hydride] (ROH product)

+

5.

[O] (Carboxylic acid product)

CH3OH  hemiacetal product

Addition of Two moles of methanol to an aldehyde

2 moles CH3OH  acetal product

6.

Addition of one mol of methanol to a ketone

CH3OH  hemiacetal product

7.

Addition of two moles of methanol to a ketone

2 moles of CH3OH  acetal product

8.

A hydroxyaldehyde can form a hemiacetal if conditions are right: Form a cyclic hemiacetal

9.

From what ketone was this made? This is a cyclic hemiacetal and it was a hydroxyl ketone

10.

What is the product if methanol is added to this cyclic hemiacetal-recall OH is replace by the

alcohol?

11.

What is the product of hydrolysis of an acetal: 2 moles of the alcohol and one mol of the aldehyde

12.

What is the product of hydrolysis of an acetal: 2 moles of the alcohol and one mole of the ketone

13.

Oxidation of aldehyde

+

14.

Reduction of aldehyde

+ [H- hydride] (ROH product)

15.

Reduction of ketone

16.

Addition of one mol of methanol to an aldehyde

+ [H- hydride] (ROH product)

+

17.

[O] (carboxylic acid product product)

CH3OH  hemiacetal product

Addition of Two moles of methanol to an aldehyde

2 moles CH3OH  acetal product

18.

Addition of one mol of methanol to a ketone

CH3OH  hemiacetal product

19.

Addition of two moles of methanol to a ketone

2 moles of CH3OH  acetal product

20.

A hydroxyaldehyde can form a hemiacetal if conditions are right: Form a cyclic hemiacetal

21.

From what ketone was this made? This is a cyclic hemiacetal and it was a hydroxyl ketone

22.

What is the product if methanol is added to this cyclic hemiacetal-recall OH is replace by the alcohol?

23.

What is the product of hydrolysis of an acetal: 2 moles of the alcohol and one mol of the aldehyde

24.

What is the product of hydrolysis of an acetal: 2 moles of the alcohol and one mole of the ketone...