Naming Aldehydes and Ketones Rules PDF

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Naming Aldehydes and Ketones Rules to the student...

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Naming Aldehydes – Chem 30B 

In the IUPAC system we use the -al ending.



Give the common name for the first four aldehydes: Use the prefixes form (1C), acet (2C), propion (3C), and butyr (4C), followed by aldehyde. H

C

CH 3

H

O

O

O

O

C

CH 3

H

CH 2

C

CH 3

H

CH 2

CH 2

C

H

IUPAC: Butanal IUPAC: Propanal IUPAC: Ethanal IUPAC: Methanal Common: Formaldehyde Common: Acetaldehyde Common: Propionaldehyde Common: Butyraldehyde



CH 3

Give position 1 to the carbonyl carbon. CH 3

4



CH 2

C

H

3 2 1 3-methylbutanal

If in the same molecule you find: o –OH groups, treat them as substituents with the name “hydroxy”. o Other carbonyl (ketone) groups, treat as a substituent with the name “oxo”. O

CH 3 O CH 2

CH2

CH

2

4

CH2

1

6

CH2

1

7

5

4

2

CH 2

5

3

O

O

O

O

OH

CH

CH

O

6

7

8

4

5

6

3

2

1

3 OH

OH

7-hydroxy-4-methylheptanal

2-hydroxy-3-oxohexa-5-en-al

5-hydroxy-4,6-dioxooctanal

Naming Ketones   

In the IUPAC system we use the -one ending. The carbonyl carbon is indicated by a number. Common name given by the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group (alphabetical order) followed by O ketone. O CH 3

C

CH 3

CH 3

CH 2

C

CH 3

3 2 1 2-butanone (ethyl methyl ketone)

4

IUPAC Common



2-propanone (dimethyl ketone) (Acetone)

Again, treat –OH groups as substituents: “hydroxy”.

O

O

OH

C

O

1

5

3 2

6

H3 C

7

4

8

1

H C

2 3

C

4

CH3

5 OH

Cl

3-hydroxy-penta-2,4-dione

Reyes

6-chloro-5-hydroxyoctan-2-one

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