All contracts are agreements but all agreements are not contracts PDF

Title All contracts are agreements but all agreements are not contracts
Author Sathyanarayana Raju K
Course Llb 3 years
Institution Karnataka State Law University
Pages 3
File Size 32.1 KB
File Type PDF
Total Downloads 22
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Download All contracts are agreements but all agreements are not contracts PDF


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Qu e s t i o n: Al l c o n t r a c t sa r ea g r e e me n t sb u t a l l a g r e e me n t sa r en o t c o n t r a c t s ? OR Di s c u s st h er u l ef o r t h ef o r ma t i o no f av a l i dc o n t r a c t wh e nac o n t r a c t b e c o me sc o mp l e t e ? I n t r o d u c t i o n:i )MUL L A: -Ev e r ya g r e e me n t o rp r o mi s ee n f o r c e a b l eb yl a wi sac o n t r a c t . i i )SAL MOND: Co n t r a c t i sa na g r e e me n t c r e a t i n gd e fi n i n go b l i g a t i o n sb e t we e np a r t i e s . Ac o n t r a c ti sa na g r e e me n te n f o r c e a b l eb yl a w.Ana g r e e me n ti st h ep r i mes t a g eo ft h ec o n t r a c t .I fa g r e e me n ti s e n f o r c e a b l eb yl a wo ri fa g r e e me n ti sr e c o g n i s e db yl a wt h e ni twi l l b e c o meac o n t r a c to t h e r wi s en o t .I ti sb a s i c a l l y b a s e du p o nBr i t i s hL a wb e c a u s et h eCo n t r a c t Ac t wa sp a s s e db yBr i t i s hI n d i a nGo v t . , i n1 8 7 2 . T oma k ec o n t r a c ta na g r e e me n ti ti se s s e n t i a l t h a tn oc o n t r a c ti sp o s s i b l ewi t h o u ta na g r e e me n t ,b u twec a n n o ts a y t h a ta l l a g r e e me n t sa r ec o n t r a c t s .Se c t i o n2 ( y )o fc o n t r a c tAc ts a y st h a t ,“Co n t r a c ti sa na g r e e me n te n f o r c e a b l eb y l a w. ”Al la g r e e me n te . g .t os e ec i n e mai sn o tc o n t r a c t ,i fo ff e ri sa c c e p t e dt h e ni tb e c o me sp r o mi s e .Pr o mi s ei s f o l l o we db yc o n s i d e r a t i o nt h e ni tb e c o me sa g r e e me n ta n di fa na g r e e me n ti se n f o r c e a b l eb yl a wt h e ni tb e c o me s CONTRACT ,s e eb e l o w: i )Pr o p o s a l + a c c e p t a n c e = PROMI SE i i )Pr o mi s e+ c o n s i d e r a t i o n = AGREEMENT i i i )Ag r e e me n t + En f o r c e a b i l i t y = CONT RACT AGREEMENT: -Ag r e e me n t2 ( e )p r o mi s eo rs e to fp r o mi s e sf o r mi n gt h ec o n s i d e r a t i o nwi t he a c ho t h e r ,i sa n a g r e e me n t . PROMI SE: -Pr o mi s ei sa ni mp o r t a n t p a r t o f t h ea g r e e me n t .Ap r o p o s a l wh e na c c e p t e db e c o me sp r o mi s e . PROPOSAL / OF FER: -Ac c o r d i n gt os e c t i o n2 ( a )wh e no n ep e r s o ns i g n i fi e st oo t h e rh i swi l l i n g n e s st od oo rt oa b s t a i n f r o md o i n ga n y t h i n gwi t hav i e wo fo b t a i n i n gt h ea s s e n to ft h a to ff e rt os u c ha c to ra b s t i n e n c e ,h ei ss a i dt oma k ea p r o p o s a l . ACCEPT ANCE: -Ac c o r d i n gt os e c t i o n2 9 ( b )o fc o n t r a c ta c twh e nt h ep e r s o nt owh o mt h ep r o p o s a l i sma d es i g n i fi e s h i sa s s e n t t h e r et ot h ep r o p o s a l t h e ni t i ss a i dt ob ea c c e p t e d .Ap r o p o s a l wh e na c c e p t e db e c o me sp r o mi s e . CONSI DERA T I ON: -Se c t i o n2 ( d )o fc o n t r a c ta c td e fi n e sc o n s i d e r a t i o n .Se c t i o n2s a y st h a ta na g r e e me n tma d e wi t h o u t c o n s i d e r a t i o ni sv o i du n l e s s: a )Na t u r a ll o v ea n da ff e c t i o n .Se c . 2 5o fc o n t r a c ta c t ,t h ep a r t i e st ot h ea g r e e me n tmu s tb es t a n d i n gi nan e a r r e l a t i o n s h i pt oe a c ho t h e r .Th ep r o mi s es h o u l db ema d eb yo n ep a r t yo u to fn a t u r a l l o v ea n da ff e c t i o nf o rt h eo t h e r . T h ep r o mi s es h o u l db ei nwr i t i n ga n dr e g i s t e r e d . b )Co mp e n s a t i o nf o rp a s tv o l u n t a r ys e r v i c e ss e c .2 5 ( 2 )i nc a s eSi n d h av . Ab r a h i m1 8 9 5Bo mb a y:Th ep r o mi s et o c o mp e n s a t et h o u g hwi t h o u t c o n s i d e r a t i o ni sb i n d i n gb e c a u s eo f t h i se x c e p t i o n . Th ee x c e p t i o na l s oc o v e r sas i t u a t i o n wh e r et h ep r o mi s ei sf o r d o i n gs o me t h i n gv o l u n t a r i l y ” c )Pr o mi s et op a yt i meb a r r e dd e b t : Se c . 2 5 ( 3 ) : Th ep r o mi s emu s t b et op a ywh o l l yo ri np a r t at i meb a r r e dd e b t i . e . a d e b t o f wh i c ht h ec r e d i t o rmi g h t h a v ee n f o r c e dp a y me n t b u t f o rt h el a wf o rt h el i mi t a t i o no f s u i t . Th ep r o mi s emu s t b e i nwr i t i n ga n ds i g n e db yt h ep e r s o nt ob ec h a r g e dt h e r e wi t h .Ca s eGo b i n dDa sv .Sa r j ud a s 1 9 0 8 ,Ga n e s hPr a s a d v . Mt . Ra mb a t i Ba i 1 9 4 2 .

ENF ORCEABL EBYL AW : -i nI n d i a nCo n t r a c tAc t2 ( h )i ts a y st h a tc o n t r a c ti sa g r e e me n te n f o r c e a b l eb yl a w.I fa n a g r e e me n t i se n f o r c e a b l eb yl a wt h e ni t i sCONT RACT , o t h e r wi s eme r e l ya na g r e e me n t . T oma k ea na g r e e me n t ac o n t r a c t i nI n d i a nCo n t r a c t Ac t s e c t i o n1 0 , t h ef o l l o wi n gc o n d i t i o n smu s t b ef u l fi l l e d: 1 .Co mp e t e n tPa r t i e s: -Se c t i o n1 1s a y s ,c o n t r a c ts h o u l db ema d ewi t hp e r s o nwh omu s tb ema j o ra n ds o u n dmi n d n o t d i s q u a l i fi e db yl a w. 2 .F r e eCo n s e n t: -Se c t i o n1 4 ,s a y st h a tc o n s e n tmu s tb ef r e e ,wh e ni ti sn o tc a u s e db yc o e r c i o n ,u n d u ei n fl u e n c e u n d e rs e c t i o n1 6 , f r a u du n d e rs e c t i o n1 7 , mi s a p p r o p r i a t i o nu n d e rs e c t i o n1 8a n dmi s t a k eu n d e r s e c t i o n2 0 . 3 .L a wf u l c o n s i d e r a t i o n&o b j e c t: -Ac c o r d i n gt os e c t i o n2 3 , wh e na g r e e me n t sc o n s i d e r a t i o no ro b j e c ta r eu n l a wf u l , t h e ya r ev o i d . 4 . No t e x p r e s s l yd e c l a r ea sv o i d : -Th es u c ha g r e e me n t swh i c ha r ema d ewi t h o u t c o n s i d e r a t i o no re x p r e s s l yd e c l a r e d t ob ev o i da sp e rs e c t i o n( 2 5 )a r en oc o n t r a c t , t h e s ea r ea su n d e r : i )Ag r e e me n t i nr e s t r a i no f ma r r i a g es e c t i o n 2 6 . i i )Ag r e e me n t i nr e s t r a i no f t r a d es e c t i o n 2 7 . i i i )Ag r e e me n t i nr e s t r a i no f l e g a l p r o c e e d i n g ss e c t i o n2 8 . i v )Ag r e e me n t wh i c hi sa mb i t i o u sa n du n c e r t a i ns e c . 2 9 . v )Ag r e e me n t b ywa yo f wa g e ss e c t i o n 3 0 . v i ) Ag r e e me n t t od oa ni mp o s s i b l ea c t s e c t i o n 5 6 . 5 . F ORMAL T I ESPERFORMEDI FNEEDEDBYL AW: Th ep e r s o nb ywh o mt h ec o n t r a c t mu s t b ep e r f o r me dt i mea n d p l a c ea n dp e r f o r ma n c eo p p o r t u n i t yo f p a y me n t .Th u swh e nt h e s ec o n d i t i o n sa r ef u l fi l l e dt h e na na g r e e me n t i sma d e c o n t r a c tb e c a u s et h e s ea r ee n f o r c e a b l eb yl a w.Bu ts o mea g r e e me n t sa r en o tma d ec o n t r a c tb e c a u s et h e ya r en o t e n f o r c e a b l eb yl a w. Th e s ea r e: 1 .So c i a lAg r e e me n t: -Wh e na g r e e me n t sb a s e do n l ys o c i a lr e l a t i o n s h i pa n dp a r t i e s ,wec a n n o te n f o r c et h e s e a g r e e me n t sb yl a w, f o r e x a mp l e : Ac a s eJ o n e sv / sPa d a y I f‘ A’ g i v ei n v i t a t i o no f d i n n e rt o‘ B‘ a n d‘ B‘ a c c e p t t h i sb u t d o e sn o t g ot od i n n e rt h e n ’ A‘ s u ff e r sd a ma g ea f t e rt h i s . Bu t ‘ A‘ c a n n o t fi l eas u ea g a i n s t ‘ B‘ b e c a u s ei t i sSo c i a l Ag r e e me n t wh i c hi sn o t e n f o r c e a b l eb yl a w. F AMI L YL AW: -F a mi l yl a wa r en o t ma d ec o n t r a c t a si nt h ec a s eo f : Ba l f o u rv / sBa l f o u r : -I nt h i sc a s et h ed e f e n d a n twh owa se mp l o y e di nGo v t . , j o bi nCe y l o nwe n tt oEn g l a n dwi t hh i s wi f eo nl o v e .F o rh e a l t hr e a s o n st h ewi f ewa su n a b l et or e t u r nt oCe y l o n .T h eh u s b a n dp r o mi s e dt op a y3 0p o n d s p e rmo n t ht oh i swi f ea sma i n t e n a n c ef o rt h ep e r i o ds h eh a dt ol i v ea b a r t .T h eh u s b a n df a i l e dt op a yt h i sa mo u n t . T h ewi f efi l e das u i ta g a i n s th e rh u s b a n df o rt h i smo n e y .Th ec o u r th e l dt h a tt h i sa g r e e me n ti sn o te n f o r c e a b l eb y l a w. Ca s e: J o n e sv / sPa d a v l l o n: Wh e r eag i r l l e f t s e r v i c et oj o i nl e g a l e d u c a t i o no nt h ep r o mi s eo f h e rmo t h e rt os t a n dt h ee x p e n s e s .I t wa sh e l dt ob e af a mi l yma t t e ra n dn o tab i n d i n gc o n t r a c t .T h u swec a ns a yt h a ta l lt h ea g r e e me n t sa r en o tc o n t r a c t sb u ta l lt h e c o n t r a c t sa r en o t a g r e e me n t s . ACa s eL AL MANV/ SGAURIDA TT 1 9 1 3:T h ed e f e n d a n t ’ sn e p h e wa b s c o n d e df r o mh o me .T h ePl a i n t i ffwh owa s d e f e n d a n ts e r v a n twa ss e n tt os e a r c hf o rt h emi s s i n gb o y .Af t e rt h ep l a i n t i ffh a dl e f ti ns e a r c ho fb o y ,t h ed e f e n d a n t i s s u e dh a n d b i l la n n o u n c i n gar e wa r do fRs . 5 0 1 . 0 0t oa n y o n ewh omi g h tfi n do u th eb o y .Th ePl a i n t i ffwh owa s i g n o r a n t o ft h i sr e wa r d , wa ss u c c e s s f u l i ns e a r c h i n gt h eb o y . Wh e nh ec a met ok n o wo ft h er e wa r d , wh i c hh a db e e n a n n o u n c e di nh i sa b s e n c e ,h eb r o u g h t a na c t i o na g a i n s th ed e f e n d a n t t oc l a i mt h i sr e wa r d .I t wa sh e l dh a ts i n c et h e Pl a i n t i ffwa si g n o r a n to ft h eo ff e ro fr e wa r d ,h i sa c to fb r i n g i n gt h el o s tb o yd i dn o ta mo u n tt ot h ea c c e p t a n c eo fh e o ff e r ,a n d , t h e r e f o r e ,h ewa sn o te n t i t l e dt oc l a i mt h er e wa r d .I f ap e r s o nh a st h ek n o wl e d g eo ft h eo ff e r ,h i sa c i n gi n

a c c o r d a n c ewi t ht h et e r mst h e r e o fa mo u n t t ot h ea c c e p t a n c eo f t h es a me .I ns u c hac a s e ,i t i si mma t e r i a l t h a t a t t h e t i meo f a c c e p t i n gt h eo ff e r , t h ea c c e p t o rd o e sn o t i n t e n dt oc l a i mt h er e wa r dme n t i o n e di nt h eo ff e r .

DI F FERENCEBETWEENAGREEMENTANDCONT RACT AGREEMENT

CONTRACT

1 . Th r e ei mp o r t a n t p o i n t sf o rAg r e e me n t 1 . T woi mp o r t a n t p o i n t f o rc o n t r a c t a r e : i ) a c c e p t a n c ei i ) Off e ri i i ) a n d a r ei )a g r e e me n ti i )e n f o r c e me n t c o n s i d e r a t i o n b yl a w. 2 . Ana g r e e me n t c o u l db el e g a l o r 2 . Ag r e e me n t i nc o n t r a c t t ob el a wI l l e g a l . F u la n de n f o r c e a b l eb yl a w. 3 . Ag r e e me n t ma yo rma yn o t b e 3 . Co n t r a c t i se n f o r c e a b l eb yl a w. En f o r c e a b l eb yl a w. 4 . Ar e ao f c o n t r a c t i sl i mi t e da s 4 . Ar e ao f a g r e e me n t i sv e r ywi d e e v e r ya g r e e me n t c a n ’ t b e c o me Asi t c a nb ea n yt y p el e g a l , mo r a l c o n t r a c t . Et c . An ya g r e e me n t e v e ni f n o t 5 . I nc o n t r a c t t h ev a l i dl i a b i l i t yi s En f o r c e a b l eb yl a wr e ma i n sa nAg r e e me n t . c r e a t e db e t we e nt h ep a r t i e s . 5 . Th ec e r t a i no f v a l i dl i a b i l i t yi sn o t 6 . Co n t r a c t r e q u i r e st h e Re q u i r e si na l l a g r e e me n t l i k e , mo r a l c o mp e t e n c yo f p a r t i e s , f r e e Re l i g i o u se t c . Co n s e n t , s u ffic i e n t c o n s i d e r a t i o ne t c . 6 . Ev e r ya g r e e me n t d o e sn o t r e q u i r e s Co mp e t e n c yo f p a r t i e s , f r e ec o n s e n t , Su ffic i e n t c o n s i d e r a t i o ne t c . , b e c a u s eAg r e e me n t c o u l db e u n e n f o r c e a b l eb yL a w....


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