Amphian vehicle 2 - As we all know that earth is covered by 70% of water and 30% by land. For the PDF

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As we all know that earth is covered by 70% of water and 30% by land. For the water transportation we have ships, and for road transportation we use automobiles. But during some critical condition like floods, heavy winds, both the transportation are not efficient .To overcome these conditions and t...

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

INTRODUCTION As we all know that earth is covered by 70% of water and 30% by land. For the water transportation we have ships, and for road transportation we use automobiles. But during some critical condition like floods, heavy winds, both the transportation are not efficient .To overcome these conditions and to have efficient transportation a new concept has evolved, which has brought revolutionary changes in automobile sector known as Amphibians’ vehicle. An amphibious vehicle is a vehicle or craft, that is a means of transport, viable on land as well as on water – just like an amphibian. This definition applies equally to any land and

water

transport,

small

or

large,

powered

or

unpowered,

ranging

from

amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, RVs, and military vehicles, all the way to the very largest hovercraft. Classic landing craft are generally not considered amphibious vehicles, although they are part of amphibious assault. Nor are Ground effect vehicles, such as Ekranoplans. The former do not offer any real land transportation at all – the latter (aside from completely disconnecting from the surface, like a fixed-wing aircraft) will probably crash on all but the flattest of landmasses. Amphibious cars have been around for many decades. But during the twentieth century the amphibian vehicles found their use, mainly for military applications. The first and only mass-produced amphibian car for the consumer market was the German Amphicar, which was produced from 1961 to 1968. In recent years a couple of amphibian cars were created using modern technology to reach much higher speeds. These include the Aquada from the British company Gibbs Technologies, capable of 160 kilometers per hour (100 mph) on land and 55 kilometers per hour (30 mph) in water. Another high-speed amphibian is the Rinspeed Splash which utilizes hydrofoil technology, allowing the body to be raised out of the water. Using hydrofoils this vehicle can reach 80 kilometers per hour (50 mph) on the water and as a sports car 200 kilometers per hour (125 mph) on the road. The Aquada is the fastest amphibian vehicle ever built, equipped with HSA (High Speed Amphibian) technology from the British company Gibbs Technologies (in production since 2003). On the road, the Aquada handles like a sports car, capable of a maximum speed of 160 kilometres per hour (100 mph). The vehicle is equipped with a mid-mounted V6 petrol engine, which drives the rear wheels.

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

Figure 1: Amphibious car

HISTORY There is always a progress from year to year when people had an idea of making an amphibious car. There are some changes in shape but also features that are in the car, such as engines and speed. The first person who created amphibious car is Oliver Evans in 1805. He was from America. It called Orukter Amphibolus. The first amphibious car which using steam engine. Orukter Amphibolus have run from Philadelphia around one mile until sailing in Delaware river. The second amphibious car was created by William Mazzei in the middle of 1910s, using continental machine, it called hydromotor. With top speed until 60 Mph on the land and 25 Mph on the water. Great innovation at that time. The third generation of amphibious car was Hydorcar. This car was designed by George Monnot. Good combination between boat, car and truck. It happened at the beginning of the first world war. We are familiar with Porsche. But we probably never thought that Porsche have created amphibious car. The man behind this creation is Ferdinand Porsche. This man was succeeded to create the first mass-produced amphibious vehicle. This car was produced outside America. The first name of this vehicle was Kubelwagen but later it was called as Schwimmwagen. The reason was mobility and the hard condition during the war, so it can be used on the water. Although Schwimmwagen was produced in large-scale, but finally it was

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

used for military purpose. Erwin Komenda as the designer use Volkswagen four-wheel drive for the machine. This car as the category of Four Wheel Drive or 4WD, equipped with ZF differential lock on both front and rear axles. Amphicar was first presented at the Geneva Salon Show in 1959. Hans Trippel is the man behind the success of this car. At the end of the second world war , after got involved with the Germany war, Trippel work in Bugatti company at French and began to build amphibious vehicles for the Wehrmacht. From his experience in building amphibious car, he got an idea to make amphibious car which can be sold for civilians, particularly in the United States. And then he made the prototype at the same years with Geneva Salon Show. But Amphicar start to produced at 1961, with a big hope it can be sold out around 20.000 unit every year. The idea to create amphibious car was never stop. From experiment to another experiment have done to make amazing amphibious car. There is a company who create another great amphibious car after doing seven years of research. Gibbs Technologies, as company in Michigan which develop High Speed Amphibian (HSA). This is great technology which applied in amphibious car. From this company the Aquada was born. Aquada uses jet system which generates about one ton of thrust. Aquada was launched for the first time at England, 2003. Phyton is the new generation of the amphibious car. The physical appearance of Phyton is like sport car. This car was produced by California Water Car as an autos company. With the top speed until 96 km/hour, it is faster than speedboat. Dave March is the man who designed Phyton. On the land Phyton uses Chevrolet Corvette V8 engine, this engine was able to produce energy of 640 hp (horsepower). While on the water Dominator Jet engine, this engine was able to produce energy of 500 hp (horsepower). Python is also equipped with jet engines that make it capable of speeding over the waves. Phyton also equipped with five passenger seats.

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN An amphibious vehicle capable of operation on both land and in water, comprising a cockpit body and floats attached to the cockpit body to keep the vehicle afloat while in the water. The floats comprise either a plurality of pontoons or a hull comprised of a plurality of longitudinally extending mini-hulls. The vehicle has a plurality of retractable wheels mounted to the cockpit body for operating the vehicle on land. The vehicle includes apparatus for retracting and deploying the wheels such that in the retracted position, the wheels are raised above the water line of the vehicle and in the deployed position, at least a portion of each wheel is disposed below the bottom surface of the float means. This way, the vehicle may be operated in the water without the wheels contacting the surface of the water, and also on land without the bottom of the floats contacting the land. The vehicle is powered by an engine coupled to a retractable propeller drive for propelling the vehicle through the water and coupled to a transmission which transfers power to the front wheels for land operation. The vehicle is equipped with a steering device coupled to the front wheels and propeller drive for steering the vehicle both through water and on land. A braking mechanism is coupled to the wheels for stopping the vehicle during land operation. These vehicles are capable of operating in high winds, rains, and floods. And can also drive into an area of heavy flooding and simply boat through it. This optimizes the options available to search and rescue operations. You are no longer limited to "land only" or "water only" rescue apparatus have combined the best features of world class yachts and Motor Coaches in a revolutionary design and Bow design with a developed surface v shape design that will cut through the water. Hull redesign includes inset axles and suspension systems that lower passenger loading height. Suspension systems are all air ride eliminating springs altogether for reduced maintenance and improved ride.

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

Figure 2 : Suspension system

Reyco/Granning IFS1200 independent front suspension and rear suspension system by Tuthill Transportation Technologies for better handling and load capacity. Power Train Engine options have greatly changed. We now offer the traditional single engine, a 2 engine, and a 3 engine unit. The single engine is the Caterpillar diesel with a rear engine Power Take Off unit that operates the marine transmission. For the 2 engine, we install your choice of Caterpillar or Cummins diesels. One is dedicated to the road and one is dedicated marine. For the 3 engine unit we have one land engine and a twin marine drive system. Options to 300 H.P are available. 2 and 3 engine units are able to be powered with either Caterpillar or Cummins engines. An Allison heavy duty automatic transmission, alternator, dual batteries, and engine block heater. Dual rear wheels are standard. Power will be available simultaneously for beaching and provides 100% combined power application in water and to the land drive.

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

Marine Propulsion Systems They have made major changes to our marine propulsion system. Now as standard equipment for the single and two engine units is a 26" bronze propeller on a 2" stainless steel shaft with reduction transmission.

Figure 3: Marine propulsion system

Three engine units feature twin tunnel hull marine drives with counter rotating propellers. Steering is improved also as we are using hydraulic cylinders to move the rudder port and starboard. A rudder angle indicator is located on the dash. Performance These vehicles feature high performance all wheel drive, turbo diesel engine, automatic transmission, heavy duty suspension system, 49 passengers or 8,000 lbs. of cargo capacity, 75 mph on road speed and 7 knots in the water. This is the only amphibian ever made that could be driven high speed coast to coast if you wanted to. In water, floor level to the water is only about 15" this aids in water rescue and ease of loading victims and rescue personnel from the water. Supplies loading and unloading is easy with a 48" wide door which is standard on the search and rescue versions 1 on each side. Large open deck area provides plenty of room for generators, rescue gear, litters, search gear, fire fighting equipment, etc Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

TYPES OF AMPHIBIAN VEHICLES 1. HYDRA SPYDRA: Cool Amphibious Manufacturers International LLC is now presenting the HYDRA SPYDRA for public display and demonstrations. This is an amphibious vehicle that can travel on both the water and on road. It is also unsinkable. This vehicle contains positive floatation foam approved by the United States Coast Guard for our amphibious vehicles. Positive buoyancy is assured. The lower hull is constructed by 5052 alloy aluminium plate, upper body is light weight fiber glass, Berkeley marine jet with power trim package. Retractable 4 point independent front and rear suspension system. Air ride automatic ride height control. All light weight aluminum lower “A” arms. Power rack and pinion steering. Four wheel disk brakes Standard with 265/70R 17” tires and aluminum wheels This amphibious vehicle has individual bucket seats for the driver and passenger. And bench rear seat. The Hydra Spyder weighs approximately 3,300 lbs. 53-47% weight split with 53% on the drive tires on the front The Hydra Spider can seat four (4) people, and it will easily pull a water skier. With the 400 h.p. engine the performance of the Hydra Spider is unparalleled. We are completely prepared for full production on these amphibious vehicles. Build time will be approximately 6 months. The Standard Production Model Includes the Following Equipment:6.0 Liter V8 400 h.p. Engine with a 5 Speed Manual Transmission; Aluminum hull with fiberglass upper body; Berkeley Marine Jet with an aluminum impeller; Front wheel drive; 16” Radial Tires with Alloy Wheels; Tachometer; Speedometer for both land and water; Oil Pressure; Engine Temperature; Voltage Meter; Gasoline Fume Detector; Bilge Ventilation Blower; Compass; Clock; AM/FM Stero.

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

Figure 4: Hydra Spydra

Specifications of Hydra Spydra: STANDARD HYDRA SPYDRA BASE PRICE STARTS AT $155,000.00 Vehicle type: front-engine, front-wheel drive, 4-passenger, 2-door, convertible top Engine type: Corvette LS2 6.0-liter V8 engine. Displacement……………..6.0 Liter Power (mfr’s claim)……...400 hp Torque (mfr’s claim)…..…400 ft.lb Transmission………....…..5-speed manual Front Brakes…………...…Disc Rear Brakes……………....Disc Wheelbase………………..134” Length………………...….18’6” Width…………………..…84” Height………………….…62”

Curb weight…………..…. 3,300 lb. est.

Wheelbase………………..134”

Length………………...….18’6”

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

2. Terra Wind: The terra wind is an amphibious motorcoach that is as comfortable on the lake as it is on land. The suspension is a Neway air suspension (front and rear), Bilstein turned shock absorbers, with a heavy duty 1.5” stabilizer bar. The wheels are Michelin XZA2 275/80R 22.5”, wheel cut 50%, wheel base 273 inches. The terra wind Amphibious Motorcoach is built using a 3/16” marine aluminum plate hull. The side and roof construction are made of fiberglass reinforced plywood with foam core. R values: R14wall and R23 roof. The engine is a caterpillar 3126E turbocharged, after cooled, 7.21 electric diesel, 330hp peak at 2400rpm. The transmission for the road is an Allision 3000MH sixspeed automatic with lock up. The marine transmission is a Velvet Drive 72 series to a reduction drive powering the twin 19” bronze propellers on commercial stainless steel 1.25“ shafts. The Terra wind is a first class Motorcoach that doubles as a houseboat. It personifies the land, the lake and the luxury. The amphibious vehicle can drive down the highway at speeds up to80mph. While on the water it can cruise at speeds up to 7 knots. Changing from road to marine is simple: One merely drives down the ramp until the wheels float free, engage the marine drive, and place the road transmission in neutral.

Figure 5: Terra wind

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

Specifications of Terra wind:



Size Standard Length: 40'



Weight Front GAWR: 12,000 lb (5448 kg)



Width: 102"



Rear GAWR: 19,000 lb (8626 kg)



Height: 11'7"



GVWR 29,000 lb (14074 kg)



Interior Height: 7'4"



49 passenger designed capacity



Construction Wheel Base: 273 in. (6400 mm)



Neway Air Suspension (Front + Rear)



Bilstein Tuned Shock Absorbers



Heavy Duty Stabilizer Bar (1.5")



Pneumatic (air) Operated Staircase



Radial Tires XZA2 275/80R 22.5



Propellers: Two 19" Bronze with Stainless Rudder



Floor is lightweight aluminum sheet over

Construction  Wheel Cut: 50 deg.

Fully covered top

structural members. Full carpeted interior for Certification by United States Coast Guard passenger comfort and for noise abatement.  

All hull construction to A.B.S. standards

The lower section below floor in the side sections will be foam filled.

The foam fill material meets Mil Spec. and is approved by the Coast Guard Instrumentation & Gauges

Instrumentation & Gauges



Speedometer



Marine Transmission Temperature



Odometer



Rudder Angle Indicators



Tachometer



Bilge Pump Indicators



Engine Oil Pressure



Compass



Water Temperature

Engine Caterpillar or CumminsTurbocharged

Transmission Allison Automatic Transmission An optional retarder delivers auxiliary braking on steep gr

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

and helps improve vehicle control and reduce brake wear Engines  Fuel tank 50-gallon 3. Other types of Amphibious cars:



AQUADA: High-Speed Amphibian Car

The Aquada is the fastest amphibian vehicle ever built, equipped with HSA (High Speed Amphibian) technology from the British company Gibbs

Technologies (in production since 2003).

On the road, the Aquada handles like a sports car, capable of a maximum speed of 160 kilometers per hour (100 mph). The vehicle is equipped with a mid-mounted V6 petrol engine, which drives the rear wheels. Once the vehicle reaches deep enough water, the computer controlled hydro-pneumatic suspension unit collapses all four wheels upwards into the wheel cases The engine is directly coupled to a waterjet, capable to propel the vehicle up to a maximum speed of 55 kilometers per hour (30 mph). For optimum performance, the underside of the Aquada is fully streamlined while the waterjet is completely integrated into the vehicle body with no protruding parts Transformation from car to boat takes just 6 seconds. On the road, a dual sensor system and additional magnetic locks prevent the wheels from collapsing into the wheel cases. The driver sits in the middle of the car, with a passenger seat at either side. Seats can be elevated for improved visibility on water. The Aquada is the first application of the HAS technology. This amphibious drive system can be transferred to vehicles of all sizes and a great number of applications. Gibbs Technologies aims to license the technology to higher volume manufacturers to make the technology more widely available.

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE

Figure 6: Aquda

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: PROPULSION SYSTEM: Direct rear-wheel drive + waterjet ENGINE: 2,500 cc V6 petrol engine POWER OUTPUT: 130 kW (175 hp) ACCELERATION: 0-96 KM/H (60 MPH): 10 sec. MAXIMUM SPEED: Land: 160 km/h (100 mph) Water: 55 km/h (30 mph)

Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute Of Technology

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AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE



RINSPEED SPLASH: Hydroplaning Car

The Rinspeed "Splash" is a unique amphibian sports car with hydroplaning abilities. On the road the vehicle is capable of a maximum speed of 200 kilometers per hour (125 mph). To use it as an amphibian, the driver simply drives the vehicle into the water and at the push of a button, a hydraulic mechanism transforms the sports car into an amphibious vehicle. First the rear panel of the vehicle flips up to reve...