Anaphy Lab Sec.3 Exercise 6 PDF

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Anaphy lab activities for 1st year students...

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Exercise 6 Name: Amer A. Nasilin ________________________________ ________________________________ Section: BSMT 1-B Date: 09/10/20

The Integumentary System

Basic Structure of the Skin 1. Complete the following statements by writing the appropriate word or phrase on the correspondingly numbered blank: The two basic tissues of which the skin is composed are dense irregular connective tissue, which makes up the dermis, and _1_ , which forms the epidermis. The tough water-repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called _2_ . The pigments melanin and _3_ contribute to skin color. A localized concentration of melanin is referred to as a _4_ . 1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Keratin 3. Carotene 4. Freckle 2. Four protective functions of the skin are: a. Prevents dessication b. Protects against thermal damage

c. Prevents bacterial invasion d. Protects against UV radiation

3. Using the key choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions. Key: a. stratum basale d. stratum lucidum g. reticular layer b. stratum corneum e. stratum spinosum h. epidermis as a whole c. stratum granulosum f. papillary layer i. dermis as a whole __d__1. translucent cells in thick skin containing keratin fibrils b and d 2. dead cells __f__3. dermal layer responsible for fingerprints __i__4. vascular region __h__5. major skin area that produces derivatives (nails and hair) __a__6. epidermal region exhibiting the most rapid cell division __b__7. scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough of __e__8. mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments __i__9. has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers __a__10. location of melanocytes and tactile (Merkel) cells __e__11. area where weblike pre-keratin filaments first appear __f__12. region of areolar connective tissue

4. Label the skin structures and areas indicated in the accompanying diagram of thin skin. Then, complete the statements that follow.

1. Hair shaf

10. Pore

2. Epidermis

11. Eccrine sweat gland

3. Papilary layer

12. Arrector pili muscle

4. Reticular layer

13. Sebaceous (Oil) gland

5. Hypodermis

14. Hair follicle

6. Sensory nerve fiber

15. Hair root

7. Lamellar (Pacinian) Corpuscle

16. Cutaneous blood vessels

8. Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)

17. Dermal vascular plexus

9. Dermal Papilae

1. Stratum corneum

5. Dermis

2. Stratum granolosum

6. Desmosomes

3. Stratum spinosum

7. Keratinocytes

4. Stratum basale

8. Langerhans’ cell

a. ___ Laminated (or lamellated)___ granules extruded from the keratinocytes prevent water loss by difusion through the epidermis. b. Fibers in the dermis are produced by ___________ Fibroblasts ___________. c. Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the glands sebaceous (and apocrine sweat) . d. Phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called _________Langerhans’ cells __________. e. A unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is a Merkel disc . f. What layer is present in thick skin but not in thin skin? ________Stratum lucidum __________ g. What cell-to-cell structures hold the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together? ___Desmosomes____

5. What substance is manufactured in the skin that plays a role in calcium absorption elsewhere in the body? Vitamin D _________________________________________________________ 6. List the sensory receptors found in the dermis of the skin. Pain, pressure, touch, heat, and cold. 7. A nurse tells a doctor that a patient is cyanotic. Define cyanosis. A blue cast to the skin. What does its presence imply? Inadequate oxygenation of the blood 8. What is a bedsore (decubitus ulcer)? Localized area of tissue necrosis and death. Why does it occur? Pressure areas (points of increased pressure over bony areas) restrict the blood supply to the area.

Accessory Organs of the Skin 9. Match the key choices with the appropriate descriptions. Key:

a. arrector pili b. cutaneous receptors c. hair

d. hair follicle e. nail f. sebaceous glands

g. sweat gland—apocrine h. sweat gland—eccrine

__f__1. produces an accumulation of oily material that is known as a blackhead __a__2. tiny muscles, attached to hair follicles, that pull the hair upright during fright or cold __h__3. perspiration glands with a role in temperature control __d__4. sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues __g__5. less numerous type of perspiration-producing gland; found mainly in the pubic and axillary regions __f__6. found everywhere on the body except the palms of hands and soles of feet __c__7. primarily dead/keratinized cells __b__8. specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature, touch, etc. __f__9. secretes a lubricant for hair and skin __e__10. sports a lunule and a cuticle 10. Describe two integumentary system mechanisms that help in regulating body temperature. (1) When capillary blood flow to the skin is enhanced (by nervous system controls), heat radiates from the skin surface; restriction of blood flow conserves body heat. (2) Activity of sweat glands, i.e., when perspiration evaporates from the skin surface, heat is lost....