A&P 1 Midterm Study Guide PDF

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Review For Midterm Exam GENERAL 1. Define The following Terms: a. Anatomy b. Physiology c. Histology d. Cytology e. Pathology 2. Know the subatomic particles that have a role in the atom a. P b. N c. E 3. Define the following: a. Atomic Number b. Molecular Weigh c. Mass number 4. Define the following types of bonds a. Ionic b. Covalent c. Hydrogen 5. Know when a pH indicates a solution is a. Acidic: b. Neutral: c. Basic: d. Alkaline: 6. Know the following terms and/or how each affect a concentration gradient a. Osmosis b. Hypotonic c. Isotonic d. Hypertonic e. Distance f. Temperature g. Size 7. Define what is life and its defining characteristics (Helpful study tip: A more interesting, memorable way to figure this out is to determine why a virus is not considered living). 8. Define the following terms and know the differences between them. a. cell, b. tissue, c. organ, d. organ system 9. Define the following related terms a. Metabolism b. Catabolism c. Anabolism d. synthetic

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Review For Midterm Exam

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10. Define the following terms a. Homeostasis b. Negative feedback c. Positive feedback 11. Name the parts of the feedback system and put them in sequential order and then put it in an example: a. Explain how water concentrations are regulated in the body (Too much, too little, just right) b. Explain how heat is regulated in the body (Too much, too little, just right) 12. What is the major role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? 13. Demonstrate anatomical position 14. Know the names of the varying types sectional planes and how the dissect an individual a. Sagittal i. ii. b. T c. F d. O 15. Know and demonstrate the directions used to describe locations of the body a. Superior/Inferior b. Proximal/ c. Lateral/ d. Frontal/ e. Superficial/ 16. Name and be able to identify the different Body cavities a. Cranial b. Thoracic c. abdominal d. Pelvic e. Pericardial CELLS 1. Identify the following organelles in a picture and know what they do in the cells a. Nucleus b. Nucleolus c. rER d. sER e. Golgi f. Mit g. Centriole h. Lys i. Perox j. Cilia

Review For Midterm Exam

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k. flagella 2. Name the parts of the Cytoskeleton, where they’re area of highest concentration and their primary role i. Microfilaments 1. Location 2. Role ii. Intermediate Filaments 1. Location 2. Role iii. Microtubules 1. Location 2. Role 3. Know the four different types of molecules composing a cell and their molecular characteristics (i.e. polar/nonpolar) a. Saccharides i. Poly ii. Mono iii. Why is glucose so important? b. Lipids i. Phospholipids ( what part is exposed to water and what part isn’t) 1. 2. ii. Cholesterol iii. Steroids c. Proteins i. Free-floating ii. Membrane bound iii. Enzymes 1. Define a catalyst 2. Why is an enzyme a catalyst? d. DNA i. Nucleic Acids 1. Guanine (G) 2. Cytosine (C) 3. Thymine (T) 4. Adenosine (A) ii. Phosphate group iii. Deoxyribose (mono saccharide) 4. Know what is a histone 5. Know from beginning to end the formation of protein a. Name of process from DNA -> RNA: b. RNA differences from DNA i. Nucleic Acid Difference: Uracil instead of thymine

Review For Midterm Exam

6.

7. 8. 9.

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ii. Single chain (DNA is double helix) iii. Can go outside nucleus c. Name of process when RNA -> protein: i. Where can this occur? 1. 2. Know the five stages of Mitosis, what occurs during those stages. Be able to identify the stages of mitosis from a picture a. I i. G1: growth ii. S: iii. G2: Growth b. P c. M d. A e. T Know the differences between Mitosis and meiosis a. Number of Chromosomes Understand how the phospholipid bilayer prevents diffusion Define and know the difference between the following processes: a. Osmosis b. Simple Diffusion c. Facilitated Diffusion d. Active transport (ATP) e. Secondary Active Transport (concentration gradient) f. Vesicular transport i. Phagocytosis ii. Pinocytosis iii. Transmembrane

TISSUES 1. What structures hold cells together or share stuff from one cell to another? a. TJ b. A c. D d. HD e. G 2. Know the different types of membranes and what their function is a. Serous b. Mucous c. Basement d. Synovial e. Cutaneous 3. Know the difference between the apical and base side of a membrane

Review For Midterm Exam

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a. Apical b. Base 4. Types of glands and what they produce a. A b. M c. H d. E

TISSUE TYPES 5. Know the four main categories of tissue and how they differ. a. b. c. d. 6. Know the major roles of each tissue a. b. c. d. 7. Name the subtypes of each tissue and which main category they fit under. Also know what their major functions will most likely be. BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY EACH SUB TISSUE TYPE AS ONE OF THE FOUR CATEGORY TISSUES FROM A PICTURE. a. Epithelial i. Squ 1. Simple 2. Stratified ii. Cub 1. Simple 2. Stratified iii. Col 1. Simple 2. Stratified 3. iv. Trans b. Connective i. Loose 1. Are 2. Adi 3. Ret ii. Dense 1. Reg 2. Irreg 3. Elas

Review For Midterm Exam iii. Cartilage 1. Hyal 2. Elast 3. Fibro iv. Bone v. Blood c. Muscle ( Know the difference between the three, especially from photos) i. Skeletal ii. Cardiac iii. Smooth d. Neural i. Neuron ii. Support cells

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